Drug resistance has now become a serious concern in the domain of microbial infection. Bacteria are becoming smarter by displaying a variety of mechanisms during drug resistance. It is not only helping bacteria to adapt nicely in adverse environment but it also makes a smart system for better availability of nutritional status for microorganisms. In this domain, pathogenic bacteria are extensively studied and their mechanism for drug resistance is well explored. The common modes in bacterial resistance include degradation of antibiotics by enzymes, antibiotic target modification or inactivation by enzymatic actions, complete replacement of antibiotic targets, quorum sensing (QS) mechanism, and efflux pump-based extrusion of antibiotics. In this review, various mechanisms of drug resistance in bacteria have been highlighted with giving the importance of efflux pumps. This can be explored as a knowledge source for the management of a variety of bacterial infections, related disease and vibrant clue for next-generation drug development.

Department of Medical Microbiology MGM Medical College and Hospital MGM Institute of Health Sciences Sector 1 Kamothe Navi Mumbai 410209 Maharashtra India

Department of Molecular Biology MGM School of Biomedical Sciences MGM Institute of Health Sciences Sector 1 Kamothe Navi Mumbai 410209 Maharashtra India

MGMIHS OMICS Research Center MGM Central Research Laboratory MGM Medical College and Hospital MGM Institute of Health Sciences Sector 1 Kamothe Navi Mumbai 410209 Maharashtra India

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