Silver nanoparticles (Ag. NPs) have shown a biological activity range, synthesized under different environment-friendly approaches. Ag. NPs were synthesized using aqueous crude extract (ACE) isolated from Plantago lanceolata. The ACE and Ag. NPs were characterized and assessed their biological and antioxidant activities. The existence of nanoparticles (NPs) was confirmed by color shift, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV-Vis's spectroscopy. The FT-IR analysis indicated the association of biomolecules (phenolic acid and flavonoids) to reduce silver (Ag+) ions. The SEM study demonstrated a sphere-shaped and mean size in the range of 30 ± 4 nm. The EDX spectrum revealed that the Ag. NPs were composed of 54.87% Ag with 20 nm size as identified by SEM and TEM. AFM has ended up being exceptionally useful in deciding morphological elements and the distance across of Ag. NPs in the scope of 23-30 nm. The TEM image showed aggregations of NPs and physical interaction. Ag. NPs formation also confirmed by XPS, DRS and BET studies. Ag. NPs showed efficient activity as compared to ACE, and finally, the bacterial growth was impaired by biogenic NPs. The lethal dose (LD50) of Ag. NPs against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were 45.66%, 139.71%, 332.87%, and 45.54%, with IC50 (08.02 ± 0.68), (55.78 ± 1.01), (12.34 ± 1.35) and (11.68 ± 1.42) respectively, suppressing the growth as compared to ACE. The antioxidant capacity, i.e., 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of Ag. NPs were assayed. ACE and Ag. NPs achieved a peak antioxidant capacity of 62.43 ± 2.4 and 16.85 ± 0.4 μg mL-1, compared to standard (69.60 ± 1.1 at 100 μg mL-1) with IC50 (369.5 ± 13.42 and 159.5 ± 10.52 respectively). Finally, the Ag. NPs synthesized by P. lanceolata extract have an excellent source of bioactive natural products (NP). Outstanding antioxidant, antibacterial activities have been shown by NPs and can be used in various biological techniques in future research.

Department of Agriculture University of Swabi Swabi Pakistan

Department of Agronomy Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture Multan 66000 Pakistan

Department of Agronomy The University of Haripur Haripur 22620 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Department of Agronomy University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan

Department of Botany and Microbiology College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

Department of Chemistry University of Buner Buner 17290 Pakistan

Department of Horticulture Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China

Department of Physics Riphah International University Islamabad 46000 Pakistan

Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences Amir Muhammad Khan Campus Mardan The University of Agriculture Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic

Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource College of Tropical Crops Hainan University Haikou 570228 China

Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China

School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710051 China

Odvolání publikace

Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 28;15(1):3523. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-87591-7. PubMed

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