A new genus is described to accommodate Neodicranella hamulosa, a novel species resolved in the family Aongstroemiaceae, from the Monchiquense district in SW Portugal. Characterized by its small size, erect spreading to subsecund non-sheathing leaves, plane bistratose leaf margins, and rhizoidal gemmae with slightly protruberant cells, it differs from all other European Dicranellaceae in the uniquely patterned distal peristome segments with backward-pointing papillae resembling hooked barbs. The species appears to be endemic to the sub-Mediterranean bioclimatic zone, in wooded biomes where humidity remains relatively high throughout the year. Morphological and molecular data strongly support the singularity of this new taxon. The species is illustrated by photomicrographs and SEM, and its ecology and conservation are discussed.

Botanical Garden Institute FEB RAS Makovskogo Street 142 690024 Vladivostok Russia

Cerca dos Pomares CxP 409M 8670 052 Aljezur Portugal

Department of Botany University of Ostrava Chittussiho 10 710 00 Ostrava Czech Republic

Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University 119234 Moscow Russia

Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of RAS 127276 Moscow Russia

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