Think globally, measure locally: The MIREN standardized protocol for monitoring plant species distributions along elevation gradients
Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE Jazyk angličtina Země Velká Británie, Anglie Médium electronic-ecollection
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
Grantová podpora
H23 IP000758
NCIRD CDC HHS - United States
PubMed
35222963
PubMed Central
PMC8844121
DOI
10.1002/ece3.8590
PII: ECE38590
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- Klíčová slova
- MIREN, Mountain Invasion Research Network, climate change, invasive species, long‐term ecological monitoring, mountain biodiversity, range dynamics, range expansions,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Climate change and other global change drivers threaten plant diversity in mountains worldwide. A widely documented response to such environmental modifications is for plant species to change their elevational ranges. Range shifts are often idiosyncratic and difficult to generalize, partly due to variation in sampling methods. There is thus a need for a standardized monitoring strategy that can be applied across mountain regions to assess distribution changes and community turnover of native and non-native plant species over space and time. Here, we present a conceptually intuitive and standardized protocol developed by the Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN) to systematically quantify global patterns of native and non-native species distributions along elevation gradients and shifts arising from interactive effects of climate change and human disturbance. Usually repeated every five years, surveys consist of 20 sample sites located at equal elevation increments along three replicate roads per sampling region. At each site, three plots extend from the side of a mountain road into surrounding natural vegetation. The protocol has been successfully used in 18 regions worldwide from 2007 to present. Analyses of one point in time already generated some salient results, and revealed region-specific elevational patterns of native plant species richness, but a globally consistent elevational decline in non-native species richness. Non-native plants were also more abundant directly adjacent to road edges, suggesting that disturbed roadsides serve as a vector for invasions into mountains. From the upcoming analyses of time series, even more exciting results can be expected, especially about range shifts. Implementing the protocol in more mountain regions globally would help to generate a more complete picture of how global change alters species distributions. This would inform conservation policy in mountain ecosystems, where some conservation policies remain poorly implemented.
Chair of Biology and Biotechnologies Armenian National Agrarian University Yerevan Armenia
CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway
Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston Texas USA
Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
Department of Botany Amar Singh College Srinagar India
Department of Botany Ecology and Plant Physiology University of La Laguna La Laguna Spain
Department of Botany University of Kashmir Srinagar India
Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
Department of Ecology Environment and Evolution La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia
Department of Environmental Sciences University of Basel Basel Switzerland
Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
Department of Land Resource and Environmental Sciences Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA
Department of Planning Industry and Environment Jindabyne New South Wales Australia
Department of Planning Industry and Environment Queanbeyan New South Wales Australia
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle Jena Leipzig Leipzig Germany
Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos IFAB Bariloche Argentina
Institute of Biology Leiden Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland
Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity Santiago Chile
Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
Laboratorio Ecotono INIBIOMA Bariloche Argentina
Research group Plants and Ecosystems University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
Research Institute for Nature and Forest INBO Brussels Belgium
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Melbourne Victoria Australia
School of Education and Social Sciences Adventist University of Chile Chillán Chile
School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Yachay Tech University Urcuquí Ecuador
School of Life Sciences University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu Hawaii USA
Unitat d'Ecologia Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
UR Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés Université de Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
Zobrazit více v PubMed
Alexander, J. M. , Chalmandrier, L. , Lenoir, J. , Burgess, T. I. , Essl, F. , Haider, S. , Kueffer, C. , McDougall, K. , Milbau, A. , Nuñez, M. A. , Pauchard, A. , Rabitsch, W. , Rew, L. J. , Sanders, N. J. , & Pellissier, L. (2018). Lags in the response of mountain plant communities to climate change. Global Change Biology, 24, 563–579. 10.1111/gcb.13976 PubMed DOI PMC
Alexander, J. M. , Kueffer, C. , Daehler, C. C. , Edwards, P. J. , Pauchard, A. , Seipel, T. , & MIREN Consortium (2011). Assembly of nonnative floras along elevational gradients explained by directional ecological filtering. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 656–661. 10.1073/pnas.1013136108 PubMed DOI PMC
Alexander, J. M. , Lembrechts, J. J. , Cavieres, L. A. , Daehler, C. , Haider, S. , Kueffer, C. , Liu, G. , McDougall, K. , Milbau, A. , Pauchard, A. , Rew, L. J. , & Seipel, T. (2016). Plant invasions into mountains and alpine ecosystems: Current status and future challenges. Alpine Botany, 126, 89–103. 10.1007/s00035-016-0172-8 DOI
Amatulli, G. , Domisch, S. , Tuanmu, M.‐N. , Parmentier, B. , Ranipeta, A. , Malczyk, J. , & Jetz, W. (2018). A suite of global, cross‐scale topographic variables for environmental and biodiversity modeling. Scientific Data, 5, 180040. 10.1038/sdata.2018.40 PubMed DOI PMC
Ansong, M. , & Pickering, C. (2013). Are weeds hitchhiking a ride on your car? A systematic review of seed dispersal on cars. PLoS One, 8, e80275. 10.1371/journal.pone.0080275 PubMed DOI PMC
Arévalo, J. R. , Otto, R. , Escudero, C. , Fernández Lugo, S. , Arteaga, M. A. , Delgado, J. D. , & Fernández Palacios, J. M. (2010). Do anthropogenic corridors homogenize plant communities at a local scale? A case studied in Tenerife (Canary Islands). Plant Ecology, 209, 23–35. 10.1007/s11258-009-9716-y DOI
Aschero, V. , Barros, A. , Bonjour, L. J. , & Pérez Sosa, M. C. (2017). Invasiones de plantas en caminos vehículares de montaña de los Andes centrales: ¿sobre patas o sobre ruedas? Boletín De La Sociedad Argentina De Botanica, 52(Supl), 97.
Averett, J. P. , McCune, B. , Parks, C. G. , Naylor, B. J. , DelCurto, T. , & Mata‐Gonzalez, R. (2016). Non‐native plant invasion along elevation and canopy closure gradients in a middle Rocky Mountain ecosystem. PLoS One, 11, e0147826. 10.1371/journal.pone.0147826 PubMed DOI PMC
Barros, A. , Aschero, V. , Mazzolari, A. , Cavieres, L. A. , & Pickering, C. M. (2020). Going off trails: How dispersed visitor use affects alpine vegetation. Journal of Environmental Management, 267, 110546. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110546 PubMed DOI
Blois, J. L. , Williams, J. W. , Fitzpatrick, M. C. , Jackson, S. T. , & Ferrier, S. (2013). Space can substitute for time in predicting climate‐change effects on biodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, 9374–9379. 10.1073/pnas.1220228110 PubMed DOI PMC
Boyle, B. , Hopkins, N. , Lu, Z. , Raygoza Garay, J. A. , Mozzherin, D. , Rees, T. , Matasci, N. , Narro, M. L. , Piel, W. H. , McKay, S. J. , Lowry, S. , Freeland, C. , Peet, R. K. , & Enquist, B. J. (2013). The taxonomic name resolution service: an online tool for automated standardization of plant names. BMC Bioinformatics, 14, 16. 10.1186/1471-2105-14-16 PubMed DOI PMC
Bruelheide, H. , Dengler, J. , Jiménez‐Alfaro, B. , Purschke, O. , Hennekens, S. M. , Chytrý, M. , Pillar, V. D. , Jansen, F. , Kattge, J. , Sandel, B. , Aubin, I. , Biurrun, I. , Field, R. , Haider, S. , Jandt, U. , Lenoir, J. , Peet, R. K. , Peyre, G. , Sabatini, F. M. , … Zverev, A. (2019). sPlot – A new tool for global vegetation analyses. Journal of Vegetation Science, 30, 161–186. 10.1111/jvs.12710 DOI
CaraDonna, P. J. , Iler, A. M. , & Inouye, D. W. (2014). Shifts in flowering phenology reshape a subalpine plant community. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111, 4916–4921. 10.1073/pnas.1323073111 PubMed DOI PMC
Chamberlain, S. A. , & Szöcs, E. (2013). taxize: taxonomic search and retrieval in R [version 2; peer review: 3 approved]. F1000Research, 2, 191. 10.12688/f1000research.2-191.v2 PubMed DOI PMC
Chamberlain, S. , Szoecs, E. , Foster, Z. , Arendsee, Z. , Boettiger, C. , Ram, K. , Bartomeus, I. , Baumgartner, J. , O'Donnell, J. , Oksanen, J. , Tzovaras, B. G. , Marchand, P. , Tran, V. , Salmon, M. , Li, G. , & Grenié, M. (2020). taxize: Taxonomic information from around the web. R package version 0.9.98. Retrieved from https://github.com/ropensci/taxize
Clavel, J. , Lembrechts, J. , Alexander, J. , Haider, S. , Lenoir, J. , Milbau, A. , Nuñez, M. A. , Pauchard, A. , Nijs, I. , & Verbruggen, E. (2021). The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in nonnative plant invasion along mountain roads. New Phytologist, 230(3), 1156–1168. 10.1111/nph.16954 PubMed DOI
Cóbar‐Carranza, A. J. , García, R. A. , Pauchard, A. , & Peña, E. (2014). Effect of Pinus contorta invasion on forest fuel properties and its potential implications on the fire regime of Araucaria araucana and Nothofagus antarctica forests. Biological Invasions, 16, 2273–2291. 10.1007/s10530-014-0663-8 DOI
Daehler, C. C. (2005). Upper‐montane plant invasions in the Hawaiian Islands: patterns and opportunities. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 7, 203–216. 10.1016/j.ppees.2005.08.002 DOI
Dainese, M. , Aikio, S. , Hulme, P. E. , Bertolli, A. , Prosser, F. , & Marini, L. (2017). Human disturbance and upward expansion of plants in a warming climate. Nature Climate Change, 7, 577–580. 10.1038/nclimate3337 DOI
Debarbieux, B. , Oiry Varacca, M. , Rudaz, G. , Maselli, D. , Kohler, T. , & Jurek, M. (Eds.). (2014). Tourism in mountain regions: Hopes, fears and realities. Sustainable mountain development series (pp. 108). UNIGE, CDE, SDC.
Dickson, J. H. , Rodriguez, J. C. , & Machado, A. (1987). Invading plants at high altitudes on Tenerife especially in the Teide National Park. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 95, 155–179. 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1987.tb01995.x DOI
Dornelas, M. , Antão, L. H. , Moyes, F. , Bates, A. E. , Magurran, A. E. , Adam, D. , Akhmetzhanova, A. A. , Appeltans, W. , Arcos, J. M. , Arnold, H. , Ayyappan, N. , Badihi, G. , Baird, A. H. , Barbosa, M. , Barreto, T. E. , Bässler, C. , Bellgrove, A. , Belmaker, J. , Benedetti‐Cecchi, L. , … Hickler, T. (2018). BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27, 760–786. 10.1111/geb.12729 PubMed DOI PMC
Dullinger, S. , Gattringer, A. , Thuiller, W. , Moser, D. , Zimmermann, N. E. , Guisan, A. , Willner, W. , Plutzar, C. , Leitner, M. , Mang, T. , Caccianiga, M. , Dirnbock, T. , Ertl, S. , Fischer, A. , Lenoir, J. , Svenning, J. C. , Psomas, A. , Schmatz, D. R. , Silc, U. , … Hulber, K. (2012). Extinction debt of high‐mountain plants under twenty‐first‐century climate change. Nature Climate Change, 2, 619–622. 10.1038/nclimate1514 DOI
Elsen, P. R. , Monahan, W. B. , & Merenlender, A. M. (2020). Topography and human pressure in mountain ranges alter expected species responses to climate change. Nature Communications, 11, 1974. 10.1038/s41467-020-15881-x PubMed DOI PMC
Foxcroft, L. C. , Spear, D. , van Wilgen, N. J. , & McGeoch, M. A. (2019). Assessing the association between pathways of alien plant invaders and their impacts in protected areas. NeoBiota, 43, 1–25. 10.3897/neobiota.43.29644 DOI
Freeman, B. G. , Scholer, M. N. , Ruiz‐Gutierrez, V. , & Fitzpatrick, J. W. (2018). Climate change causes upslope shifts and mountaintop extirpations in a tropical bird community. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115, 11982–11987. 10.1073/pnas.1804224115 PubMed DOI PMC
Gelbard, J. L. , & Belnap, J. (2003). Roads as conduits for exotic plant invasions in a semiarid landscape. Conservation Biology, 17, 420–432. 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01408.x DOI
Gillet, F. , Mauchamp, L. , Badot, P.‐M. , & Mouly, A. (2016). Recent changes in mountain grasslands: A vegetation resampling study. Ecology and Evolution, 6, 2333–2345. 10.1002/ece3.1987 PubMed DOI PMC
Gobiet, A. , Kotlarski, S. , Beniston, M. , Heinrich, G. , Rajczak, J. , & Stoffel, M. (2014). 21st century climate change in the European Alps—A review. Science of the Total Environment, 493, 1138–1151. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.050 PubMed DOI
Guisan, A. , Broennimann, O. , Buri, A. , Cianfrani, C. , D'Amen, M. , Di Cola, V. , Fernandes, R. , Gray, S. , Mateo, R. G. , Pinto, E. , Pradervand, J.‐N. , Scherrer, D. , von Däniken, I. , Yashiro, E. , & Vittoz, P. (2019). Climate change impact on mountain biodiversity. In Lovejoy T. E., & Hannah L. (Eds.), Biodiversity and climate change: Transforming the biosphere (pp. 221–223). Yale University Press.
Guo, F. , Lenoir, J. , & Bonebrake, T. C. (2018). Land‐use change interacts with climate to determine elevational species redistribution. Nature Communications, 9, 1315. 10.1038/s41467-018-03786-9 PubMed DOI PMC
Haider, S. , Kueffer, C. , Bruelheide, H. , Seipel, T. , Alexander, J. M. , Rew, L. J. , Arévalo, J. R. , Cavieres, L. A. , McDougall, K. L. , Milbau, A. , Naylor, B. J. , Speziale, K. , & Pauchard, A. (2018). Mountain roads and non‐native species modify elevational patterns of plant diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27, 667–678. 10.1111/geb.12727 DOI
Haider, S. , Kueffer, C. , Edwards, P. J. , & Alexander, J. M. (2012). Genetically based differentiation in growth of multiple non‐native plant species along a steep environmental gradient. Oecologia, 170, 89–99. 10.1007/s00442-012-2291-2 PubMed DOI
Hengl, T. , Mendes de Jesus, J. , Heuvelink, G. B. M. , Ruiperez Gonzalez, M. , Kilibarda, M. , Blagotić, A. , Shangguan, W. , Wright, M. N. , Geng, X. , Bauer‐Marschallinger, B. , Guevara, M. A. , Vargas, R. , MacMillan, R. A. , Batjes, N. H. , Leenaars, J. G. B. , Ribeiro, E. , Wheeler, I. , Mantel, S. , & Kempen, B. (2017). SoilGrids250m: Global gridded soil information based on machine learning. PLoS One, 12, e0169748. 10.1371/journal.pone.0169748 PubMed DOI PMC
Jakobs, G. , Kueffer, C. , & Daehler, C. C. (2010). Introduced weed richness across altitudinal gradients in Hawai‘i: Humps, humans and water‐energy dynamics. Biological Invasions, 12, 4019–4031. 10.1007/s10530-010-9816-6 DOI
Jetz, W. , McGeoch, M. A. , Guralnick, R. , Ferrier, S. , Beck, J. , Costello, M. J. , Fernandez, M. , Geller, G. N. , Keil, P. , Merow, C. , Meyer, C. , Muller‐Karger, F. E. , Pereira, H. M. , Regan, E. C. , Schmeller, D. S. , & Turak, E. (2019). Essential biodiversity variables for mapping and monitoring species populations. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3, 539–551. 10.1038/s41559-019-0826-1 PubMed DOI
Kadmon, R. , Farber, O. , & Danin, A. (2004). Effect of roadside bias on the accuracy of predictive maps produced by bioclimatic models. Ecological Applications, 14, 401–413. 10.1890/02-5364 DOI
Khaliq, I. (2019). Range expansion of Phytophthora, particularly Phytophthora cinnamomi into colder environments: adaptation, a changing environment or both? PhD thesis, Murdoch University.
Kindt, R. (2020). WorldFlora: An R package for exact and fuzzy matching of plant names against the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone data. Applications in Plant Sciences, 8, e11388. 10.1002/aps3.11388 PubMed DOI PMC
Körner, C. , & Spehn, E. (2002). Mountain biodiversity. A global assessment. The Parthenon Publishing Group.
Kueffer, C. , Alexander, J. , Daehler, C. C. , McDougall, K. , Pauchard, A. , & MIREN Consortium (2008). The Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN). Mountain Research Initiative Newsletter, 1, 12–14.
Kueffer, C. , Alexander, J. M. , Daehler, C. C. , McDougall, K. L. , Pauchard, A. , & Consortium, M. (2009). The Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN)—A boundary organization bridging research and management for addressing plant invasions in mountains. Mountain Views, 3, 28–30.
Kueffer, C. , Daehler, C. , Dietz, H. , McDougall, K. , Parks, C. , Pauchard, A. , Rew, L. , & Consortium, M. (2014). The Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN). Linking local and global scales for addressing an ecological consequence of global change. Gaia‐Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 23, 263–265. 10.14512/gaia.23.3.11 DOI
Kühn, P. , Ratier Backes, A. , Römermann, C. , Bruelheide, H. , & Haider, S. (2021). Contrasting patterns of intraspecific trait variability in native and non‐native plant species along an elevational gradient on Tenerife, Canary Islands. Annals of Botany, 127, 565–576. 10.1093/aob/mcaa067 PubMed DOI PMC
Lembrechts, J. J. , Aalto, J. , Ashcroft, M. B. , De Frenne, P. , Kopecký, M. , Lenoir, J. , Luoto, M. , Maclean, I. M. D. , Roupsard, O. , Fuentes‐Lillo, E. , García, R. A. , Pellissier, L. , Pitteloud, C. , Alatalo, J. M. , Smith, S. W. , Björk, R. G. , Muffler, L. , Ratier Backes, A. , Cesarz, S. , … Nijs, I. (2020). SoilTemp: A global database of near‐surface temperature. Global Change Biology, 26, 6616–6629. 10.1111/gcb.15123 PubMed DOI
Lembrechts, J. J. , Alexander, J. M. , Cavieres, L. A. , Haider, S. , Lenoir, J. , Kueffer, C. , McDougall, K. , Naylor, B. J. , Nuñez, M. A. , Pauchard, A. , Rew, L. J. , Nijs, I. , & Milbau, A. (2017). Mountain roads shift native and non‐native plant species’ ranges. Ecography, 40, 353–364. 10.1111/ecog.02200 DOI
Lembrechts, J. J. , Lenoir, J. , Roth, N. , Hattab, T. , Milbau, A. , Haider, S. , Pellissier, L. , Pauchard, A. , Ratier Backes, A. , Dimarco, R. D. , Nuñez, M. A. , Aalto, J. , & Nijs, I. (2019). Comparing temperature data sources for use in species distribution models: From in‐situ logging to remote sensing. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 28, 1578–1596. 10.1111/geb.12974 DOI
Lembrechts, J. J. , Milbau, A. , & Nijs, I. (2014). Alien roadside species more easily invade alpine than lowland plant communities in a subarctic mountain ecosystem. PLoS One, 9, e89664. 10.1371/journal.pone.0089664.g001 PubMed DOI PMC
Lenoir, J. , Gégout, J.‐C. , Guisan, A. , Vittoz, P. , Wohlgemuth, T. , Zimmermann, N. E. , Dullinger, S. , Pauli, H. , Willner, W. , & Svenning, J.‐C. (2010). Going against the flow: potential mechanisms for unexpected downslope range shifts in a warming climate. Ecography, 33, 295–303. 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06279.x DOI
Lenoir, J. , Gégout, J. C. , Marquet, P. A. , de Ruffray, P. , & Brisse, H. (2008). A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century. Science, 320, 1768–1771. 10.1126/science.1156831 PubMed DOI
Liedtke, R. , Barros, A. , Essl, F. , Lembrechts, J. J. , Wedegärtner, R. E. M. , Pauchard, A. , & Dullinger, S. (2020). Hiking trails as conduits for the spread of non‐native species in mountain areas. Biological Invasions, 22, 1121–1134. 10.1007/s10530-019-02165-9 DOI
MacDonald, D. , Crabtree, J. R. , Wiesinger, G. , Dax, T. , Stamou, N. , Fleury, P. , Gutierrez Lazpita, J. , & Gibon, A. (2000). Agricultural abandonment in mountain areas of Europe: Environmental consequences and policy response. Journal of Environmental Management, 59, 47–69. 10.1006/jema.1999.0335 DOI
Maestre, F. T. , & Eisenhauer, N. (2019). Recommendations for establishing global collaborative networks in soil ecology. Soil Organisms, 91, 73–85. 10.25674/so91iss3pp73 PubMed DOI PMC
Martín‐López, B. , Leister, I. , Lorenzo Cruz, P. , Palomo, I. , Grêt‐Regamey, A. , Harrison, P. A. , Lavorel, S. , Locatelli, B. , Luque, S. , & Walz, A. (2019). Nature’s contributions to people in mountains: A review. PLoS One, 14, e0217847. 10.1371/journal.pone.0217847 PubMed DOI PMC
McDougall, K. L. , Alexander, J. M. , Haider, S. , Pauchard, A. , Walsh, N. G. , & Kueffer, C. (2011). Alien flora of mountains: Global comparisons for the development of local preventive measures against plant invasions. Diversity and Distributions, 17, 103–111. 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00713.x DOI
McDougall, K. L. , Khuroo, A. A. , Loope, L. L. , Parks, C. G. , Pauchard, A. , Reshi, Z. A. , Rushworth, I. , & Kueffer, C. (2011). Plant invasions in mountains: Global lessons for better management. Mountain Research and Development, 31, 380–387. 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00082.1 DOI
McDougall, K. L. , Lembrechts, J. , Rew, L. J. , Haider, S. , Cavieres, L. A. , Kueffer, C. , Milbau, A. , Naylor, B. J. , Nuñez, M. A. , Pauchard, A. , Seipel, T. , Speziale, K. L. , Wright, G. T. , & Alexander, J. M. (2018). Running off the road: Roadside non‐native plants invading mountain vegetation. Biological Invasions, 20, 3461–3473. 10.1007/s10530-018-1787-z DOI
Meijer, J. R. , Huijbregts, M. A. J. , Schotten, K. C. G. J. , & Schipper, A. M. (2018). Global patterns of current and future road infrastructure. Environmental Research Letters, 13, 064006. 10.1088/1748-9326/aabd42 DOI
Mengist, W. , Soromessa, T. , & Legese, G. (2020). Ecosystem services research in mountainous regions: A systematic literature review on current knowledge and research gaps. Science of the Total Environment, 702, 134581. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134581 PubMed DOI
Mirtl, M. , T. Borer, E. , Djukic, I. , Forsius, M. , Haubold, H. , Hugo, W. , Jourdan, J. , Lindenmayer, D. , McDowell, W. H. , Muraoka, H. , Orenstein, D. E. , Pauw, J. C. , Peterseil, J. , Shibata, H. , Wohner, C. , Yu, X. , & Haase, P. (2018). Genesis, goals and achievements of Long‐Term Ecological Research at the global scale: A critical review of ILTER and future directions. Science of the Total Environment, 626, 1439–1462. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.001 PubMed DOI
Morueta‐Holme, N. , Engemann, K. , Sandoval‐Acuna, P. , Jonas, J. D. , Segnitz, R. M. , & Svenning, J.‐C. (2015). Strong upslope shifts in Chimborazo's vegetation over two centuries since Humboldt. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, 12741–12745. 10.1073/pnas.1509938112 PubMed DOI PMC
Müllerová, J. , Vítková, M. , & Vítek, O. (2011). The impacts of road and walking trails upon adjacent vegetation: Effects of road building materials on species composition in a nutrient poor environment. Science of the Total Environment, 409, 3839–3849. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.056 PubMed DOI
Muñoz, A. A. , & Cavieres, L. A. (2008). The presence of a showy invasive plant disrupts pollinator service and reproductive output in native alpine species only at high densities. Journal of Ecology, 96, 459–467. 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01361.x DOI
Muñoz, A. A. , & Cavieres, L. A. (2019). Sharing of pollinators between the invasive Taraxacum officinale and co‐flowering natives is not related to floral similarity in the high‐Andes. Flora, 261, 151491. 10.1016/j.flora.2019.151491 DOI
Nogués‐Bravo, D. , Araújo, M. B. , Errea, M. P. , & Martínez‐Rica, J. P. (2007). Exposure of global mountain systems to climate warming during the 21st century. Global Environmental Change, 17, 420–428. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.11.007 DOI
Nuñez, M. A. , Barlow, J. , Cadotte, M. , Lucas, K. , Newton, E. , Pettorelli, N. , & Stephens, P. A. (2019). Assessing the uneven global distribution of readership, submissions and publications in applied ecology: Obvious problems without obvious solutions. Journal of Applied Ecology, 56, 4–9. 10.1111/1365-2664.13319 DOI
Nuñez, M. A. , Chiuffo, M. C. , Torres, A. , Paul, T. , Dimarco, R. D. , Raal, P. , Policelli, N. , Moyano, J. , García, R. A. , van Wilgen, B. W. , Pauchard, A. , & Richardson, D. M. (2017). Ecology and management of invasive Pinaceae around the world: progress and challenges. Biological Invasions, 19, 3099–3120. 10.1007/s10530-017-1483-4 DOI
Pauli, H. , Gottfried, M. , Dullinger, S. , Abdaladze, O. , Akhalkatsi, M. , Alonso, J. L. B. , Coldea, G. , Dick, J. , Erschbamer, B. , Calzado, R. F. , Ghosn, D. , Holten, J. I. , Kanka, R. , Kazakis, G. , Kollár, J. , Larsson, P. , Moiseev, P. , Moiseev, D. , Molau, U. , … Grabherr, G. (2012). Recent plant diversity changes on Europe's mountain summits. Science, 336, 353–355. 10.1126/science.1219033 PubMed DOI
Pauli, H. , Gottfried, M. , Lamprecht, A. , Niessner, S. , Rumpf, S. , Winkler, M. , Steinbauer, K. , & Grabherr, G. (2015). The GLORIA field manual – standard Multi‐Summit approach, supplementary methods and extra approaches (pp. 137). GLORIA‐Coordination, Austrian Academy of Sciences & University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences.
Payne, D. , Spehn, E. M. , Prescott, G. W. , Geschke, J. , Snethlage, M. A. , & Fischer, M. (2020). Mountain biodiversity is central to sustainable development in mountains and beyond. One Earth, 3, 530–533. 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.10.013 DOI
Pecl, G. T. , Araújo, M. B. , Bell, J. D. , Blanchard, J. , Bonebrake, T. C. , Chen, I.‐C. , Clark, T. D. , Colwell, R. K. , Danielsen, F. , Evengård, B. , Falconi, L. , Ferrier, S. , Frusher, S. , Garcia, R. A. , Griffis, R. B. , Hobday, A. J. , Janion‐Scheepers, C. , Jarzyna, M. A. , Jennings, S. , … Williams, S. E. (2017). Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well‐being. Science, 355, eaai9214. 10.1126/science.aai9214 PubMed DOI
Pellissier, L. , Anzini, M. , Maiorano, L. , Dubuis, A. , Pottier, J. , Vittoz, P. , & Guisan, A. (2013). Spatial predictions of land‐use transitions and associated threats to biodiversity: The case of forest regrowth in mountain grasslands. Applied Vegetation Science, 16, 227–236. 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2012.01215.x DOI
Pepin, N. , Bradley, R. S. , Diaz, H. F. , Baraer, M. , Caceres, E. B. , Forsythe, N. , Fowler, H. , Greenwood, G. , Hashmi, M. Z. , Liu, X. D. , Miller, J. R. , Ning, L. , Ohmura, A. , Palazzi, E. , Rangwala, I. , Schoener, W. , Severskiy, I. , Shahgedanova, M. , Wang, M. B. , … Yang, D. Q. (2015). Elevation‐dependent warming in mountain regions of the world. Nature Climate Change, 5, 424–430. 10.1038/nclimate2563 DOI
Peters, M. K. , Hemp, A. , Appelhans, T. , Becker, J. N. , Behler, C. , Classen, A. , Detsch, F. , Ensslin, A. , Ferger, S. W. , Frederiksen, S. B. , Gebert, F. , Gerschlauer, F. , Gütlein, A. , Helbig‐Bonitz, M. , Hemp, C. , Kindeketa, W. J. , Kühnel, A. , Mayr, A. V. , Mwangomo, E. , … Steffan‐Dewenter, I. (2019). Climate–land‐use interactions shape tropical mountain biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Nature, 568, 88–92. 10.1038/s41586-019-1048-z PubMed DOI
Petitpierre, B. , McDougall, K. , Seipel, T. , Broennimann, O. , Guisan, A. , & Kueffer, C. (2016). Will climate change increase the risk of plant invasions into mountains? Ecological Applications, 26, 530–544. 10.1890/14-1871.1 PubMed DOI
Pickering, C. , & Barros, A. (2012). Mountain environments and tourism. In Holden A., & Fennell D. (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of tourism and the environment (pp. 183–191). Routledge.
Pollnac, F. , Seipel, T. , Repath, C. , & Rew, L. J. (2012). Plant invasion at landscape and local scales along roadways in the mountainous region of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Biological Invasions, 14, 1753–1763. 10.1007/s10530-012-0188-y DOI
Randin, C. F. , Ashcroft, M. B. , Bolliger, J. , Cavender‐Bares, J. , Coops, N. C. , Dullinger, S. , Dirnböck, T. , Eckert, S. , Ellis, E. , Fernández, N. , Giuliani, G. , Guisan, A. , Jetz, W. , Joost, S. , Karger, D. , Lembrechts, J. , Lenoir, J. , Luoto, M. , Morin, X. , … Payne, D. (2020). Monitoring biodiversity in the Anthropocene using remote sensing in species distribution models. Remote Sensing of Environment, 239, 111626. 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111626 DOI
Rashid, I. , Haq, S. M. , Lembrechts, J. J. , Khuroo, A. A. , Pauchard, A. , & Dukes, J. S. (2021). Railways redistribute plant species in mountain landscapes. Journal of Applied Ecology, 58(9), 1967–1980. 10.1111/1365-2664.13961 DOI
Ratier Backes, A. , Frey, L. , Arévalo, J. R. , & Haider, S. (2021). Effects of soil properties, temperature and disturbance on diversity and functional composition of plant communities along a Steep elevational gradient on Tenerife. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9, Article 758160. 10.3389/fevo.2021.758160 DOI
Rew, L. J. , Brummer, T. J. , Pollnac, F. W. , Larson, C. D. , Taylor, K. T. , Taper, M. L. , Fleming, J. D. , & Balbach, H. E. (2018). Hitching a ride: Seed accrual rates on different types of vehicles. Journal of Environmental Management, 206, 547–555. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.060 PubMed DOI
Ross, C. , Fildes, S. , & Millington, A. (2017). Land‐use and land‐cover change in the Páramo of South‐Central Ecuador, 1979–2014. Land, 6, 46. 10.3390/land6030046 DOI
Rumpf, S. B. , Hülber, K. , Wessely, J. , Willner, W. , Moser, D. , Gattringer, A. , Klonner, G. , Zimmermann, N. E. , & Dullinger, S. (2019). Extinction debts and colonization credits of non‐forest plants in the European Alps. Nature Communications, 10, 4293. 10.1038/s41467-019-12343-x PubMed DOI PMC
Schultz, N. L. , Reid, N. , Lodge, G. , & Hunter, J. T. (2014). Seasonal and interannual variation in vegetation composition: Implications for survey design and data interpretation. Austral Ecology, 39, 755–766. 10.1111/aec.12141 DOI
Seipel, T. , Alexander, J. M. , Edwards, P. J. , & Kueffer, C. (2016). Range limits and population dynamics of non‐native plants spreading along elevation gradients. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 20, 46–55. 10.1016/j.ppees.2016.04.001 DOI
Seipel, T. , Kueffer, C. , Rew, L. J. , Daehler, C. C. , Pauchard, A. , Naylor, B. J. , Alexander, J. M. , Edwards, P. J. , Parks, C. G. , Arévalo, J. R. , Cavieres, L. A. , Dietz, H. , Jakobs, G. , McDougall, K. , Otto, R. , & Walsh, N. (2012). Processes at multiple scales affect richness and similarity of non‐native plant species in mountains around the world. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 236–246. 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00664.x DOI
Spehn, E. M. , Libermann, M. , & Körner, C. (2006). Land use change and mountain biodiversity. CRC Press.
Steinbauer, M. J. , Grytnes, J.‐A. , Jurasinski, G. , Kulonen, A. , Lenoir, J. , Pauli, H. , Rixen, C. , Winkler, M. , Bardy‐Durchhalter, M. , Barni, E. , Bjorkman, A. D. , Breiner, F. T. , Burg, S. , Czortek, P. , Dawes, M. A. , Delimat, A. , Dullinger, S. , Erschbamer, B. , Felde, V. A. , … Wipf, S. (2018). Accelerated increase in plant species richness on mountain summits is linked to warming. Nature, 556, 231–234. 10.1038/s41586-018-0005-6 PubMed DOI
van Kleunen, M. , Dawson, W. , Essl, F. , Pergl, J. , Winter, M. , Weber, E. , Kreft, H. , Weigelt, P. , Kartesz, J. , Nishino, M. , Antonova, L. A. , Barcelona, J. F. , Cabezas, F. J. , Cárdenas, D. , Cárdenas‐Toro, J. , Castaño, N. , Chacón, E. , Chatelain, C. , Ebel, A. L. , … Pyšek, P. (2015). Global exchange and accumulation of non‐native plants. Nature, 525, 100–103. 10.1038/nature14910 PubMed DOI
Vorstenbosch, T. , Essl, F. , & Lenzner, B. (2020). An uphill battle? The elevational distribution of alien plant species along rivers and roads in the Austrian Alps. NeoBiota, 63, 1–24. 10.3897/neobiota.63.55096 DOI
Walsh, N. G. , & McDougall, K. L. (2018). A new species of Poa L. (Poaceae) from Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales. Muelleria, 36, 92–96.
Wang, Y. , Wu, N. , Kunze, C. , Long, R. , & Perlik, M. (2019). Drivers of change to mountain sustainability in the Hindu Kush Himalaya. In Wester P., Mishra A., Mukherji A., & Shrestha A. B. (Eds.), The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, climate change, sustainability and people (pp. 17–56). Springer International Publishing.
Wasowicz, P. (2016). Non‐native species in the vascular flora of highlands and mountains of Iceland. PeerJ, 4, e1559. 10.7717/peerj.1559 PubMed DOI PMC
Weigelt, P. , König, C. , & Kreft, H. (2020). GIFT – A Global Inventory of Floras and Traits for macroecology and biogeography. Journal of Biogeography, 47, 16–43. 10.1111/jbi.13623 DOI
Zong, S. , Jin, Y. , Xu, J. , Wu, Z. , He, H. , Du, H. , & Wang, L. (2016). Nitrogen deposition but not climate warming promotes Deyeuxia angustifolia encroachment in alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains, Northeast China. Science of the Total Environment, 544, 85–93. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.144 PubMed DOI