Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global public health issue due to its high morbidity, mortality, and economic impact. The implementation of innovative therapeutic alternatives for CVD is urgently required. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are bioactive compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, integrated into four families: Lipoxins, Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins. SPMs have generated interest in recent years due to their ability to promote the resolution of inflammation associated with the pathogeneses of numerous illnesses, particularly CVD. Several preclinical studies in animal models have evidenced their ability to decrease the progression of atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, and reperfusion injury via diverse mechanisms. Large-scale clinical trials are required to determine the effects of SPMs in humans. This review integrates the currently available knowledge of the therapeutic impact of SPMs in CVD from preclinical and clinical studies, along with the implicated molecular pathways. In vitro results have been promising, and as such, SPMs could soon represent a new therapeutic alternative for CVD.

Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón 28009 Madrid Spain

Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center DR Felix Gomez School of Medicine University of Zulia Maracaibo 4001 Venezuela

Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética Facultad de Medicina Universidad Andres Bello Concepción 4260000 Chile

Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética Facultad de Medicina Universidad Andres Bello Santiago 8370321 Chile

Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Simón Bolívar Barranquilla 080002 Colombia

Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud Universidad de San Sebastián Lota 2465 Providencia Santiago 7500000 Chile

Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Palacký University Hněvotínská 1333 5 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic

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