INTRODUCTION: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common acute abdominal conditions. One of its complications is postoperative formation of abscesses in the peritoneal cavity or in the retroperitoneal space. Among other things, appendicoliths left in the peritoneal cavity are responsible for this process. Their release from the lumen occurs preoperatively and during the operation. An appendicolith, with the bacteria present on its surface, provides an environment that supports the onset of an infection. CASE REPORT: The authors present a less common case of a retroperitoneal abscess caused by an incarcerated appendicolith. Unusual is the long period between appendectomy and clinical manifestations of the abscess. The patient underwent surgical treatment with abscess evacuation and extraction of the appendicolith. The postoperative course was adequate; wound healing was supported by negative wound pressure therapy. CONCLUSION: During appendectomy, it is necessary to keep in mind the risk of releasing appendicoliths and their role in infectious complications. A conscientious revision of the peritoneal cavity is required, as well as a good surgical technique. If necessary, imaging methods can help to locate the appendicolith in the postoperative period.

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