The vacuole has a space-filling function, allowing a particularly rapid plant cell expansion with very little increase in cytosolic content (Löfke et al., 2015; Scheuring et al., 2016; Dünser et al., 2019). Despite its importance for cell size determination in plants, very little is known about the mechanisms that define vacuolar size. Here, we show that the cellular and vacuolar size expansions are coordinated. By developing a pharmacological tool, we enabled the investigation of membrane delivery to the vacuole during cellular expansion. Our data reveal that endocytic membrane sorting from the plasma membrane to the vacuole is enhanced in the course of rapid root cell expansion. While this 'compromise' mechanism may theoretically at first decelerate cell surface enlargements, it fuels vacuolar expansion and, thereby, ensures the coordinated augmentation of vacuolar occupancy in dynamically expanding plant cells.

Cell Biology Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany

Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany

Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria

Laboratory of Growth Regulators Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University Olomouc Czech Republic

Molecular Plant Physiology Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany

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