Temperature is one of the most relevant parameters for the regulation of intracellular processes. Measuring localized subcellular temperature gradients is fundamental for a deeper understanding of cell function, such as the genesis of action potentials, and cell metabolism. Notwithstanding several proposed techniques, at the moment detection of temperature fluctuations at the subcellular level still represents an ongoing challenge. Here, for the first time, temperature variations (1 °C) associated with potentiation and inhibition of neuronal firing is detected, by exploiting a nanoscale thermometer based on optically detected magnetic resonance in nanodiamonds. The results demonstrate that nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds provide a tool for assessing various levels of neuronal spiking activity, since they are suitable for monitoring different temperature variations, respectively, associated with the spontaneous firing of hippocampal neurons, the disinhibition of GABAergic transmission and the silencing of the network. Conjugated with the high sensitivity of this technique (in perspective sensitive to < 0.1 °C variations), nanodiamonds pave the way to a systematic study of the generation of localized temperature gradients under physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, they prompt further studies explaining in detail the physiological mechanism originating this effect.

Department of Drug and Science Technology University of Torino Corso Raffaello 30 Torino 10125 Italy

Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Katerinska 1660 32 Prague 2 121 08 Czechia

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam 2 Prague 6 166 10 Czechia

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sez Torino via P Giuria 1 Torino 10125 Italy

Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica Strada delle cacce 91 Torino 10135 Italy

NIS Inter departmental Centre via G Quarello 15 Torino 10135 Italy

Physics Department University of Torino via P Giuria 1 Torino 10125 Italy

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Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 Apr;10(11):e2301101. doi: 10.1002/advs.202301101. PubMed

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