Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study
Language English Country United States Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article
Grant support
501-1-081-34-21
Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education
PubMed
35932096
PubMed Central
PMC9538861
DOI
10.1002/ijgo.14388
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- anxiety, coronavirus disease 2019, cross-sectional studies, depression, economic status, mental health, patient health questionnaire, pregnant women,
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiology psychology MeSH
- Depression etiology MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Internet MeSH
- Pregnancy Complications * epidemiology psychology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pandemics MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Pregnant People psychology MeSH
- Anxiety etiology MeSH
- Anxiety Disorders epidemiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic using Mind-COVID, a prospective cross-sectional study that compares outcomes in middle-income economies and high-income economies. METHODS: A total of 7102 pregnant women from 12 high-income economies and nine middle-income economies were included. The web-based survey used two standardized instruments, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). RESULT: Pregnant women in high-income economies reported higher PHQ-9 (0.18 standard deviation [SD], P < 0.001) and GAD-7 (0.08 SD, P = 0.005) scores than those living in middle-income economies. Multivariate regression analysis showed that increasing PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales were associated with mental health problems during pregnancy and the need for psychiatric treatment before pregnancy. PHQ-9 was associated with a feeling of burden related to restrictions in social distancing, and access to leisure activities. GAD-7 scores were associated with a pregnancy-related complication, fear of adverse outcomes in children related to COVID-19, and feeling of burden related to finances. CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, the imposed public health measures and hospital restrictions have left pregnant women more vulnerable during these difficult times. Adequate partner and family support during pregnancy and childbirth can be one of the most important protective factors against anxiety and depression, regardless of national economic status.
Centro Hondureño De Medicina Fetal Honduras
Clinical Research Division National Institute of Perinatology Mexico City Mexico
Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia Italy
Department of Fetal Medicine Taiji Clinic Taipei Taiwan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan Kuantan Malaysia
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin Poland
Department of Obstetrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan
Department of Obstetrics Medical School Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany
Department of Physiology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Michigan USA
Department of Reproductive Health Center of Postgraduate Medical Education Warsaw Poland
Fetal Medicine Mexico A C Tabasco Mexico
Hospital Universitario Austral Buenos Aires Argentina
Hospital Universitario de Torrejón School of Medicine Universidad Francisco de Vitoria Madrid Spain
Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland
Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialist Sarawak General Hospital Kuching Malaysia
Meir Medical Center Tel Aviv University Israel
Office of Women's Health Integrative Biosciences Center Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
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