The prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and chronic liver diseases among others, has been rising for several years. Epidemiology and mechanistic (in vivo, in vitro and in silico) toxicology have recently provided compelling evidence implicating the chemical environment in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In this review, we will describe the biological processes that contribute to the development of metabolic diseases targeted by metabolic disruptors, and will propose an integrated pathophysiological vision of their effects on several organs. With regard to these pathomechanisms, we will discuss the needs, and the stakes of evolving the testing and assessment of endocrine disruptors to improve the prevention and management of metabolic diseases that have become a global epidemic since the end of last century.

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas Madrid Spain

Department of Life and Health Sciences INSERM U1211 MRGM University of Bordeaux Pessac France

Ecotoxicologie des substances et des milieux Parc ALATA INERIS Verneuil en Halatte France

Inserm EHESP Irset UMR_S 1085 Université Rennes France

INSERM UMR S 1124 Paris France

Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic

Instituto de Investigación Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche Universitas Miguel Hernández Elche Spain

RECETOX Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Université Paris Cité France

Université Sorbonne Paris Nord Bobigny France

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