Nanotechnology is one of the most impressive sciences in the twenty-first century. Not surprisingly, nanoparticles/nanomaterials have been widely deployed given their multifunctional attributes and ease of preparation via environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and simple methods. Although there are assorted optimized preparative methods for synthesizing the nanoparticles, the main challenge is to find a comprehensive method that has multifaceted properties. The goal of this study has been to synthesize aminated (nano)particles via the Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract-mediated copper oxide; this modification leads to the preparation of (nano)particles with promising biological and photocatalytic applications. The synthesized NPs have been fully characterized, and biological activity was evaluated in antibacterial assessment against Bacillus cereus as a model Gram-positive and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model Gram-negative bacterium. The bio-synthesized copper oxide (nano)particles were screened by MTT assay by applying the HEK-293 cell line. The aminated (nano)particles have shown lower cytotoxicity (~ 21%), higher (~ 50%) antibacterial activity, and a considerable increase in zeta potential value (~ + 13.4 mV). The prepared (nano)particles also revealed considerable photocatalytic activity compared to other studies wherein the dye degradation process attained 97.4% promising efficiency in only 80 min and just 7% degradation after 80 min under dark conditions. The biosynthesized copper oxide (CuO) (nano)particle's biomedical investigation underscores an eco-friendly synthesis of (nano)particles, their noticeable stability in the green reaction media, and impressive biological activity.

Department of Chemistry Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology 77 Cheongam ro Nam gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea

Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 14155 6451 Iran

Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Centre for Materials Interfaces Pontedera 56025 Pisa Italy

Nanotechnology Research Centre Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 14155 6451 Iran

Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Palacky University Olomouc Slechtitel ů 11 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic

School of Engineering Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia

Universal Scientific Education and Research Network Tehran 15875 4413 Iran

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