Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)-even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth's surface.

Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia

Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment Systems Ecology Section Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands

Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Services Division Forestry Research Institute of Ghana Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Kumasi Ashanti Region Ghana

Biology Department Faculty of Natural Sciences Functional and Ecosystem Ecology Lab Universidad del Rosario Bogotá Colombia

Biology Department Faculty of Natural Sciences Universidad del Rosario Bogotá Colombia

Biology Department Functional and Ecosystem Ecology Lab Universidad del Rosario Bogota DC Colombia

Biology Department McGill University Montréal QC Canada

Biology Program Centre College Danville KY USA

Biont Research Utrecht Netherlands

Centre for Rainforest Studies The School for Field Studies Yungaburra QLD Australia

College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Cairns QLD Australia

Community and Conservation Ecology Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands

Departament de Biologia Animal Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Departamento de Biología Ecología Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional y Ecosistémica Universidad del Rosario Bogotá DC Colombia

Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares Spain

Departamento de Ciências Florestais Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras MG Brazil

Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras MG Brazil

Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC USA

Department of Biological Sciences International Center of Tropical Biodiversity Institute of Environment Florida International University Miami FL USA

Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL USA

Department of Biological Sciences Wright State University Dayton OH USA

Department of Biology Faculty of Science Ecology and Biodiversity Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands

Department of Biology Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canadá

Department of Biology University of Miami Miami FL USA

Department of Crop and Forest Sciences University of Lleida Lérida Spain

Department of Ecological Science Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands

Department of Ecology and Evolution Amsterdam Institute of Life and Environment Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Department of Environmental System Science Faculty of Science and Engineering Doshisha University Kyotanabe Japan

Department of Forest Ecology Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening Brno Czechia

Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

Department of Integrative Biology University of South Florida Tampa FL USA

Department of Natural Resources Management CSIR College of Science and Technology Kumasi Ashanti Region Ghana

Department of Northern Biosphere Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture Abashiri Japan

Department of Pest management and Conservation Lincoln University Lincoln New Zealand

Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil

Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois Urbana Champaign Urbana IL USA

Department of Terrestrial Ecology NIOO KNAW Wageningen Netherlands

Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa

Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Environmental Biology Department of Biology Science Faculty Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands

Ecosystem Processes TERN Cairns QLD Australia

European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra Italy

Experimental Interaction Ecology German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle Jena Leipzig Leipzig Germany

Faculty of Science School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences The University of Melbourne Creswick VIC Australia

Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing Leipzig University Leipzig Germany

German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle Jena Leipzig Leipzig Germany

German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Leipzig Germany

Global Ecology Unit CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles Barcelona Spain

Global Ecology Unit CREAF CSIC Barcelona Spain

Global Ecology Unit CSIC Bellaterra Barcelona Spain

Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia

Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany

Instituto de Ecología Regional Universidad Nacional de Tucumán CONICET Tucumán Argentina

Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria Vicerrectoría Académica Universidad de Talca Talca Chile

Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina

Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis CONICET Universidad Nacional de San Luis San Luis Argentina

International Institute of Tropical Forestry USDA Forest Service Río Piedras PR USA

Joint Research Unit CTFC AGROTECNIO CERCA Center Lleida Spain

Land and Water CSIRO Canberra ACT Australia

Land and Water CSIRO Wembley WA Australia

National Agency for National Parks Libreville Gabon

Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA

Programa de pós graduação em Ecologia Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas SP Brazil

Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin NT Australia

Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington VT USA

School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia

School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Wits South Africa

School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia

School of Biological Sciences Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia

School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia

School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand

School of Biology and Environmental Science Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia

School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia

School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK

School of Forest Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

School of Life Sciences and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China

School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia

School of Science Edith Cowan University Joondalup WA Australia

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama

Soil Analytical Services Soil Testing Laboratory CSIR Soil Research Institute Kumasi Ashanti Region Ghana

Southern Research Station USDA Forest Service Athens GA USA

Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Leipzig University Leipzig Germany

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia

The Soil Biodiversity Group Entomology Department The Natural History Museum London UK

UMR ECOFOG Laboratoire des Sciences du Bois CNRS Kourou GF France

UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane AgroParisTech CNRS INRA Universite des Antilles Universite de Guyane CIRAD Kourou France

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