Here, we provide an updated set of guidelines for naming genes in wheat that has been endorsed by the wheat research community. The last decade has seen a proliferation in genomic resources for wheat, including reference- and pan-genome assemblies with gene annotations, which provide new opportunities to detect, characterise, and describe genes that influence traits of interest. The expansion of genetic information has supported growth of the wheat research community and catalysed strong interest in the genes that control agronomically important traits, such as yield, pathogen resistance, grain quality, and abiotic stress tolerance. To accommodate these developments, we present an updated set of guidelines for gene nomenclature in wheat. These guidelines can be used to describe loci identified based on morphological or phenotypic features or to name genes based on sequence information, such as similarity to genes characterised in other species or the biochemical properties of the encoded protein. The updated guidelines provide a flexible system that is not overly prescriptive but provides structure and a common framework for naming genes in wheat, which may be extended to related cereal species. We propose these guidelines be used henceforth by the wheat research community to facilitate integration of data from independent studies and allow broader and more efficient use of text and data mining approaches, which will ultimately help further accelerate wheat research and breeding.

Agroecosystem and Crop Breeding Group Western Region Agricultural Research Center Fukuyama Hiroshima 721 8514 Japan

CenGen Pty Ltd Worcester 6850 South Africa

Centre for Agricultural Research ELKH 2462 Martonvasar Hungary

Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics Via S Protaso 302 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda PC Italy

Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences University of Saskatchewan 51 Campus Drive Saskatoon SK S7N 5A8 Canada

Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit USDA ARS 800 Buchanan St Albany CA 94710 USA

Departamento de Biología Aplicada Facultad de Agronomía Azul Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina

Department of Genetics School of Agricultural and Forest Engineering Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba Spain

Department of Genetics Stellenbosch University Matieland 7602 South Africa

Department of Plant Science University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Estación Experimental de Aula Dei Zaragossa Spain

Institute of Crop Science National Wheat Improvement Centre Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 12 Zhongguancun South St Beijing 100081 China

Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Šlechtitelů 31 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic

Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Ruta 32 Km 4 5 CP 2700 Pergamino Buenos Aires Argentina

International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Apdo Postal 6 641 Mexico D F Mexico

John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Laboratory of Plant Breeding Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto 606 8224 Japan

N 1 Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia 119991

NIAB 93 Lawrence Weaver Road Cambridge CB3 0LE UK

Plant Science Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 6900 Saudi Arabia

Programa Nacional de Cultivos de Secano Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria Estación Experimental La Estanzuela 70006 Colonia Uruguay

School of Agricultural Biotechnology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana 141 004 India

School of Agriculture Food and Wine Waite Research Institute University of Adelaide Glen Osmond SA 5064 Australia

School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth 6009 Australia

School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute 107 Cobbitty Road Cobbitty NSW 2570 Australia

State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development Institute of Plant Biology School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China

The Wheat Initiative 14195 Berlin Germany

USDA ARS Plant Science Research North Carolina State University William Hall 4114A Raleigh NC 27695 USA

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