Pesticides and personal care products are two very important groups of contaminants posing a threat to the aquatic environment and the organisms living in it.. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the effects of widely used pesticides and parabens on aquatic non-target biota such as fish (using model organisms Danio rerio and Cyprinus carpio) and amphibians (using model organism Xenopus laevis) using a wide range of endpoints. The first part of the experiment was focused on the embryonal toxicity of three widely used pesticides (metazachlor, prochloraz, and 4-chloro-2-methyl phenoxy acetic acid) and three parabens (methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben) with D. rerio, C. carpio, and X. laevis embryos. An emphasis was placed on using mostly sub-lethal concentrations that are partially relevant to the environmental concentrations of the substances studied. In the second part of the study, an embryo-larval toxicity test with C. carpio was carried out with prochloraz using concentrations 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/L. The results of both parts of the study show that even the low, environmentally relevant concentrations of the chemicals tested are often able to affect the expression of genes that play either a prominent role in detoxification and sex hormone production or indicate cell stress or, in case of prochloraz, to induce genotoxicity.

Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Veterinary medicine University of Veterinary Sciences Brno 612 42 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Animal Breeding Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology University of Veterinary Sciences Brno 612 42 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology University of Veterinary Sciences Brno 612 42 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine Veterinary Research Institute 621 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Zoology Fisheries Hydrobiology and Apiculture Faculty of Agrisciences Mendel University in Brno 613 00 Brno Czech Republic

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