Female insects can enter reproductive diapause, a state of suspended egg development, to conserve energy under adverse environments. In many insects, including the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, reproductive diapause, also frequently called reproductive dormancy, is induced under low-temperature and short-day conditions by the downregulation of juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis in the corpus allatum (CA). In this study, we demonstrate that neuropeptide Diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) produced by brain neurons that project into the CA plays an essential role in regulating reproductive dormancy by suppressing JH biosynthesis in adult D. melanogaster. The CA expresses the gene encoding the DH31 receptor, which is required for DH31-triggered elevation of intracellular cAMP in the CA. Knocking down Dh31 in these CA-projecting neurons or DH31 receptor in the CA suppresses the decrease of JH titer, normally observed under dormancy-inducing conditions, leading to abnormal yolk accumulation in the ovaries. Our findings provide the first molecular genetic evidence demonstrating that CA-projecting peptidergic neurons play an essential role in regulating reproductive dormancy by suppressing JH biosynthesis.

Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Tennodai 1 1 1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 8572 Japan

Department of Biological Science and Technology Faculty of Advanced Engineering Tokyo University of Science Niijuku 6 3 1 Katsushika ku Tokyo 125 8585 Japan

Department of Biological Sciences and BSI Florida International University 11200 SW 8th street Miami FL 33199 USA

Department of Parasitology University of South Bohemia České Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic

Division of Liberal Arts and Sciences Aichi Gakuin University 12 Araike Iwasaki cho Nisshin Aichi 470 0195 Japan

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tennodai 1 1 1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 8572 Japan

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tennodai 1 1 1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 8572 Japan

Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Katahira 2 1 1 Sendai Miyagi 980 8577 Japan

Institute of Parasitology Biology Center of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Yata 111 Mishima Shizuoka 411 8540 Japan

Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance University of Tsukuba Tennodai 1 1 1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 8577 Japan

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