Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are systemic immune-mediated conditions with predilection for the gastrointestinal tract and include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Despite the advances in the fields of basic and applied research, the etiopathogenesis remains largely unknown. As a result, only one third of the patients achieve endoscopic remission. A substantial portion of the patients also develop severe clinical complications or neoplasia. The need for novel biomarkers that can enhance diagnostic accuracy, more precisely reflect disease activity, and predict a complicated disease course, thus, remains high. Genomic and transcriptomic studies contributed substantially to our understanding of the immunopathological pathways involved in disease initiation and progression. However, eventual genomic alterations do not necessarily translate into the final clinical picture. Proteomics may represent a missing link between the genome, transcriptome, and phenotypical presentation of the disease. Based on the analysis of a large spectrum of proteins in tissues, it seems to be a promising method for the identification of new biomarkers. This systematic search and review summarize the current state of proteomics in human IBD. It comments on the utility of proteomics in research, describes the basic proteomic techniques, and provides an up-to-date overview of available studies in both adult and pediatric IBD.

Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine 140 21 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine 140 21 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Informatics Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine 140 21 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital 140 59 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Pathology Royal Vinohrady Teaching Hospital Srobarova 1150 50 100 00 Prague Czech Republic

Experimental Medicine Centre Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine 140 21 Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences 142 20 Prague Czech Republic

Proteomics Core Facility Faculty of Science Charles University 252 50 Vestec Czech Republic

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