Estimating structural connectivity from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a challenging task, partly due to the presence of false-positive connections and the misestimation of connection weights. Building on previous efforts, the MICCAI-CDMRI Diffusion-Simulated Connectivity (DiSCo) challenge was carried out to evaluate state-of-the-art connectivity methods using novel large-scale numerical phantoms. The diffusion signal for the phantoms was obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. The results of the challenge suggest that methods selected by the 14 teams participating in the challenge can provide high correlations between estimated and ground-truth connectivity weights, in complex numerical environments. Additionally, the methods used by the participating teams were able to accurately identify the binary connectivity of the numerical dataset. However, specific false positive and false negative connections were consistently estimated across all methods. Although the challenge dataset doesn't capture the complexity of a real brain, it provided unique data with known macrostructure and microstructure ground-truth properties to facilitate the development of connectivity estimation methods.

A 1 Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering Aalto University Espoo Finland; Department of Psychiatry Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland

AGH University of Science and Technology Kraków Poland

AGH University of Science and Technology Kraków Poland; Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen ETSI Telecomunicación Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid Spain

Athena Project Team Centre Inria d'Université Côte d'Azur France

Athena Project Team Centre Inria d'Université Côte d'Azur France; Institut de Biologie de Valrose Université Côte d'Azur Nice France

Brain Mapping Lab Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images University of Messina Messina Italy

Brain Mapping Lab Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images University of Messina Messina Italy; Center for Complex Network Intelligence Tsinghua University Beijing China; Department of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research Department of Radiology NYU Langone Health New York NY United States

CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging Switzerland; Radiology Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland; Signal Processing Laboratory Lausanne Switzerland

Computer Science Department Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas A C Guanajuato México

Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health Parkville Victoria Australia

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN United States

Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI United States

Department of Neuroscience Rehabilitation Ophthalmology Genetics Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa Genoa Italy

Department of Neurosurgery Perlmutter Cancer Center Neuroscience Institute Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology NYU Langone Health New York NY United States

Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC United States

Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC United States; School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China

Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN United States

Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN United States

Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA United States

Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI United States

Diffusion Imaging and Connectivity Estimation Department of Biomedical Engineering University Hospital Basel and University of Basel Basel Switzerland

Diffusion Imaging and Connectivity Estimation Department of Computer Science University of Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada

Diffusion Imaging and Connectivity Estimation Lab Department of Computer Science University of Verona Verona Italy

Diffusion Imaging and Connectivity Estimation Lab Department of Computer Science University of Verona Verona Italy; Brno Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Department of mathematics University of Technology Brno Czech Republic

Diffusion Imaging and Connectivity Estimation Lab Department of Computer Science University of Verona Verona Italy; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences University of Naples Federico 2 Naples Italy

Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Juriquilla Querétaro México

Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health Parkville Victoria Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney Australia; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington IN United States

Radiology Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland; Signal Processing Laboratory Lausanne Switzerland

Sano Centre for Computational Personalised Medicine Kraków Poland

Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada

Signal Processing Laboratory Lausanne Switzerland

Signal Processing Laboratory Lausanne Switzerland; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Kgs Lyngby Denmark

Signal Processing Laboratory Lausanne Switzerland; McGill University Montréal QC Canada

Univ Rennes Inria CNRS Inserm IRISA UMR 6074 Empenn ERL U 1228 Rennes France

Waisman Center University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI United States; Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI United States; Department of Psychiatry University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI United States

Waisman Center University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI United States; Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI United States

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