Cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a metabolic by-product. ROS molecules trigger oxidative stress as a feedback response that significantly initiates biological processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. Furthermore, extensive research has revealed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important ROS entity and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including cell differentiation, cell signalling, and apoptosis. However, excessive production of H2O2 has been shown to disrupt biomolecules and cell organelles, leading to an inflammatory response and contributing to the development of health complications such as collagen deposition, aging, liver fibrosis, sepsis, ulcerative colitis, etc. Extracts of different plant species, phytochemicals, and Lactobacillus sp (probiotic) have been reported for their anti-oxidant potential. In this view, the researchers have gained significant interest in exploring the potential plants spp., their phytochemicals, and the potential of Lactobacillus sp. strains that exhibit anti-oxidant properties and health benefits. Thus, the current review focuses on comprehending the information related to the formation of H2O2, the factors influencing it, and their pathophysiology imposed on human health. Moreover, this review also discussed the anti-oxidant potential and role of different extract of plants, Lactobacillus sp. and their fermented products in curbing H2O2‑induced oxidative stress in both in-vitro and in-vivo models via boosting the anti-oxidative activity, inhibiting of important enzyme release and downregulation of cytochrome c, cleaved caspases-3, - 8, and - 9 expression. In particular, this knowledge will assist R&D sections in biopharmaceutical and food industries in developing herbal medicine and probiotics-based or derived food products that can effectively alleviate oxidative stress issues induced by H2O2 generation.

Amity Institute of Food Technology Amity University Noida 201313 India

Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability Technical University of Munich Essigberg 3 94315 Straubing Germany

Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi 284003 Uttar Pradesh India

Centre of Advanced Technologies Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove Rokitanskeho 62 50003 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Department of Biotechnology TIFAC Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147001 India

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove 50005 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove 50005 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence University of Granada 18071 Granada Spain; Biomedical Research Center University Hospital Hradec Kralove 50005 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Department of Microbiology DAV University Sarmastpur Jalandhar Punjab 144001 India

Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology 81237 Bratislava Slovakia

Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410 Brunei

School of Bioengineering and Biosciences Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab 144411 India

School of Bioengineering and Food Technology Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 India

School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 India

School of Management and Liberal Arts Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 India

Zoology Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

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