Stylotermitidae appear peculiar among all termites, feeding in trunks of living trees in South Asia only. The difficulty to collect them limits the ability to study them, and they thus still belong to critically unknown groups in respect to their biology. We used a combination of microscopic observations, chemical analysis and behavioural tests, to determine the source and chemical nature of the trail-following pheromone of Stylotermes faveolus from India and S. halumicus from Taiwan. The sternal gland located at the 5th abdominal segment was the exclusive source of the trail-following pheromone in both S. faveolus and S. halumicus, and it is made up of class I, II and III secretory cells. Using gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry, (3Z)-dodec-3-en-1-ol (DOE) was identified as the trail-following pheromone which elicits strong behavioural responses in workers at a threshold around 10- 4 ng/cm and 0.1 ng/gland. Our results confirm the switch from complex aldehyde trail-following pheromones occurring in the basal groups to simpler linear alcohols in the ancestor of Kalotermitidae and Neoisoptera.

Animal Plant Interactions Lab Department of Zoology Sri Venkateswara College Benito Juarez Marg Dhaula Kuan 110021 New Delhi India

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology České Budějovice Czech Republic

Department of Entomology CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya Palampur Himachal Pradesh India

Department of Entomology National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd 402202 Taichung Taiwan

Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic

Faculty of Sciences Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology LEEC UR 4443 University Sorbonne Paris Nord Villetaneuse France

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