The article introduces the enhancements made to the IsoArcH database for isotope paleopathology. This includes the addition of new metadata fields, which allow for describing abnormal anatomical or physiological conditions in humans and animals at either the individual or sample level. To showcase the novel features of the database, the article features a unique dataset of carbon and nitrogen isotope values obtained on bulk bone collagen from 42 clinically-documented cases of the Jedlička pathological-anatomical reference collection, dating from the 19th century CE and curated at the National Museum in Prague, Czechia. The dataset includes 70 combined isotopic measurements from individuals who underwent anatomizations between 1841 and 1900 and had distinct bone diseases/disorders: i.e. syphilis, rickets, osteosarcoma, osteomyelitis, and healed fractures. Finally, the article highlights the value of the data in helping the isotope bioarchaeology and paleopathology communities in their understanding of disease processes.

Department of Anthropology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Czechia

Department of Anthropology National Museum Václavské námĕstí 68 11579 Praha 1 Czechia

Department of Archaeology and Anthropology Bournemouth University Talbot Campus Poole BH12 5BB United Kingdom

Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes PSL University Chair of Biological Anthropology Paul Broca 4 14 rue Ferrus F 75014 Paris France

Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics Viničná 7 128 00 Prague 2 Czechia

UMR 6034 Archéosciences Bordeaux Université Bordeaux Montaigne F 33607 Pessac cedex

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