Lignocellulosic biomass is available in abundance as a renewable resource, but the major portion of it is often discarded as waste without utilizing its immense potential as an alternative renewable energy resource. To overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, various pretreatment methods are applied to it, so that the complex and rigid polymeric structure can be broken down into fractions susceptible for enzymatic hydrolysis. Effective and efficient biomass processing is the goal of pretreatment methods, but none of the explored pretreatment methods are versatile enough to fulfil the requirement of biomass processing with greater flexibility in terms of operational cost and desired output efficiency. Deployment of green solvents such as ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass has been a topic of discussion amongst the scientific community in recent times. The presented work provides a detailed overview on the deployment of ionic liquid for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass coupled with a brief discussion on other pretreatments methods. The recyclability and reusability along with other unique properties makes an ionic liquid pretreatment different from the other traditional pretreatment methods. Also, this study explores diverse critical parameters that governs the dissolution process of biomass. Hazardous properties of ionic liquids have also been explored. Future perspective and recommendations have been given for an efficient, effective, and eco-friendly deployment of ionic liquid in biomass pretreatment process.

Department of Mechanical Engineering Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144001 India

Department of Power Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Division of Research and Innovation Uttaranchal Institute of Technology Uttaranchal University Dehradun 248007 India

Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Za Slovankou 1782 3 182 00 Prague 8 Czech Republic

School of Environment and Natural Resources Doon University Dehradun 248001 Uttarakhand India

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