The field of nanotechnology has the mysterious capacity to reform every subject it touches. Nanotechnology advancements have already altered a variety of scientific and industrial fields. Nanoparticles (NPs) with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm (nm) are of great scientific and commercial interest. Their functions and characteristics differ significantly from those of bulk metal. Commercial quantities of NPs are synthesized using chemical or physical methods. The use of the physical and chemical approaches remained popular for many years; however, the recognition of their hazardous effects on human well-being and conditions influenced serious world perspectives for the researchers. There is a growing need in this field for simple, non-toxic, clean, and environmentally safe nanoparticle production methods to reduce environmental impact and waste and increase energy productivity. Microbial nanotechnology is relatively a new field. Using various microorganisms, a wide range of nanoparticles with well-defined chemical composition, morphology, and size have been synthesized, and their applications in a wide range of cutting-edge technological areas have been investigated. Green synthesis of the nanoparticles is cost-efficient and requires low maintenance. The present review highlights the synthesis of the nanoparticles by different microbes, their characterization, and their biotechnological potential. It further deals with the applications in biomedical, food, and textile industries as well as its role in biosensing, waste recycling, and biofuel production.

Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Biotechnology Dr Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture Eternal University Baru Sahib Sirmour 173101 Himachal Pradesh India

Department of Biotechnology Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra 182320 Jammu and Kashmir India

Department of Biotechnology University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh University Gharuan 140413 Punjab India

Department of Botany University of Jammu Jammu 180006 Jammu and Kashmir India

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Faculty of Agricultural Science GLA University Mathura Uttar Pradesh India

Department of Microbiology Akal College of Basic Sciences Eternal University Baru Sahib Sirmaur 173101 Himachal Pradesh India

Department of Physics IEC University Baddi 174103 Solan Himachal Pradesh India

Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology Shoolini University Vill Bhajhol 173229 Solan Himachal Pradesh India

Faculty of Health and Life Sciences INTI International University Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai Nilai 71800 Negeri Sembilan Malaysia

University School of Medical and Allied Sciences Rayat Bahra University Mohali Chandigarh India

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