Glymphatic system is an emerging pathway of removing metabolic waste products and toxic solutes from the brain tissue. It is made of a network of perivascular spaces, filled in cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid, encompassing penetrating and pial vessels and communicating with the subarachnoid space. It is separated from vessels by the blood brain barrier and from brain tissue by the endfeet of the astrocytes rich in aquaporin 4, a membrane protein which controls the water flow along the perivascular space. Animal models and magnetic resonance (MR) studies allowed to characterize the glymphatic system function and determine how its impairment could lead to numerous neurological disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, stroke, sleep disturbances, migraine, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus). This review aims to summarize the role of the glymphatic system in the pathophysiology of migraine in order to provide new ways of approaching to this disease and to its therapy.

Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy

Department of Internal Medicine New Vision University Hospital Tbilisi Georgia

Department of Neurology Hospital de São Bernardo Setúbal Portugal

Department of Neurology Konventhospital Barmherzige Brüder Linz Linz Austria

Department of Neurology Strakonice Hospital Strakonice Czechia

Department of Neurology Tbilisi State Medical University Tbilisi Georgia

Faculty of Medicine Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University Istanbul Turkey

Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey

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Glymphatic system, sleep, and Parkinson's disease: interconnections, research opportunities, and potential for disease modification