BACKGROUND: Monitoring effectiveness of pertussis vaccines is necessary to adapt vaccination strategies. PERTINENT, Pertussis in Infants European Network, is an active sentinel surveillance system implemented in 35 hospitals across six EU/EEA countries. We aim to measure pertussis vaccines effectiveness (VE) by dose against hospitalisation in infants aged <1 year. METHODS: From December 2015 to December 2019, participating hospitals recruited all infants with pertussis-like symptoms. Cases were vaccine-eligible infants testing positive for Bordetella pertussis by PCR or culture; controls were those testing negative to all Bordetella spp. For each vaccine dose, we defined an infant as vaccinated if she/he received the corresponding dose >14 days before symptoms. Unvaccinated were those who did not receive any dose. We calculated (one-stage model) pooled VE as 100*(1-odds ratio of vaccination) adjusted for country, onset date (in 3-month categories) and age-group (when sample allowed it). RESULTS: Of 1,393 infants eligible for vaccination, we included 259 cases and 746 controls. Median age was 16 weeks for cases and 19 weeks for controls (p < 0.001). Median birth weight and gestational age were 3,235 g and week 39 for cases, 3,113 g and week 39 for controls. Among cases, 119 (46 %) were vaccinated: 74 with one dose, 37 two doses, 8 three doses. Among controls, 469 (63 %) were vaccinated: 233 with one dose, 206 two doses, 30 three doses. Adjusted VE after at least one dose was 59 % (95 %CI: 36-73). Adjusted VE was 48 % (95 %CI: 5-71) for dose one (416 eligible infants) and 76 % (95 %CI: 43-90) for dose two (258 eligible infants). Only 42 infants were eligible for the third dose. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest moderate one-dose and two-dose VE in infants. Larger sample size would allow more precise estimates for dose one, two and three.

Biodiversité et Epidémiologie des bactéries et pathogènes Institut Pasteur Paris France; National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections Institut Pasteur Paris France

Children's Health Ireland Crumlin Dublin Ireland

Direction des maladies infectieuses Santé Publique France Paris France

Division of Infection Control Norwegian Institute of Public Health P O Box 222 Skøyen 0213 Oslo Norway

Epidemiology Department Epiconcept Paris France

European Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention Stockholm Sweden

Health Protection Surveillance Centre Dublin Ireland

Hospital Universitario Navarra Pamplona

Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health Barcelona Spain; Medicine Department Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Barcelona Spain

Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health Barcelona Spain; University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra IdiSNA Navarre Institute for Health Research Pamplona Spain

National Institute of Public Health Prague Czech Republic

Preventive and Predictive Medicine Research Unit Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCSS Rome Italy

Public Health Agency of Catalonia Barcelona Spain

Public Health Agency of Catalonia Barcelona Spain; University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

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