BACKGROUND: Bordetella pertussis isolates which do not express some of acellular pertussis vaccine (aPv) antigens, e.g. pertactin (PRN), have been increasingly reported in countries using aPvs. In Finland, primary pertussis vaccination with whole-cell vaccine was replaced by aPv containing pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) in 2005 and then by aPv containing PT, FHA, and PRN in 2009. We aimed to study alterations in the expression of FHA, PRN, and PT, three antigens included in aPvs and adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) not included in current aPvs, among Finnish isolates collected during 1991-2020. METHODS: Of 904 isolates collected by the Finnish Reference Laboratory for Pertussis during 1991-2020, 302 were randomly included. An adapted, monoclonal antibody based, antigen expression ELISA, including the culture of B. pertussis in Stainer-Scholte medium, was performed to quantify the expression of ACT, FHA, PRN, and PT of each isolate. ACT activity was also measured for 16 isolates. Arbitrary units were used for comparing levels of each antigen expression of isolates grouped in every five years. FINDINGS: Following the implementation of aPv in 2005, B. pertussis isolates exhibited a 1.75-fold increase for FHA (p < 0.001) and a 1.5-fold increase for ACT (p < 0.0041) expression until 2020. No FHA or ACT deficient isolates were detected. As the number of PRN deficient isolates has significantly increased with the time, the amount of PRN produced by the positive isolates has also started to decrease, especially after the use of aPv containing PRN. During this period, fluctuations in PT expression were observed. INTERPRETATION: The study demonstrated that in response to aPv-induced selection pressure, different types of selection of B. pertussis has occurred. For FHA and ACT, a steady increase in their production is observed, whereas the frequency of PRN deficient isolates is increased with time.
- MeSH
- acelulární vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- adenylátcyklasový toxin imunologie MeSH
- antigeny bakteriální * imunologie MeSH
- bakteriální adheziny MeSH
- Bordetella pertussis * imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- faktory virulence rodu Bordetella imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pertuse * prevence a kontrola imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- pertusová vakcína * imunologie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- pertusový toxin imunologie MeSH
- proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Finsko MeSH
- MeSH
- chřipka lidská komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- COVID-19 komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pertuse mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pertusová vakcína MeSH
- pneumokokové infekce mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pneumokokové vakcíny MeSH
- respirační insuficience * komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- respirační syncytiální viry imunologie MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vakcíny proti chřipce MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory illness primarily caused by Bordetella pertussis. Highly contagious, it poses significant morbidity and mortality risks, especially in infants. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, pertussis cases have recently resurged globally. This case report details possible complication in a 48-year-old woman, involving a cough-induced rib fracture and recurrent pneumothorax, highlighting the need for considering pertussis in patients with severe cough and back pain. CASE PRESENTATION: A 48-year-old female non-smoker with hypertension, treated with ACE inhibitor (perindopril), presented with a runny nose, productive cough, and back pain. Initial treatment for a common cold provided temporary relief. However, her symptoms worsened, and further examination revealed a fractured rib, pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema. Laboratory tests confirmed elevated Bordetella pertussis toxin antibodies. She was treated with antibiotics, and despite recurrent symptoms, a conservative management approach was successful. Follow-up indicated resolution of symptoms, but significant anxiety related to her condition. CONCLUSION: This case emphasises the importance of considering pertussis in adults, as early symptoms resembling a common cold can lead to misdiagnosis. It also highlights the potential for significant musculoskeletal and pulmonary injuries due to intense coughing associated with pertussis. Prompt diagnosis and comprehensive management, including antibiotics and supportive care, are essential for favorable outcomes.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Bordetella pertussis izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fraktury žeber * komplikace MeSH
- kašel etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pertuse * komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- pneumotorax * etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
x
x
- MeSH
- difterie * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kombinované vakcíny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pertuse * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pertusová vakcína aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- tetanus * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- vakcína proti diftérii, tetanu a pertusi * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Černý kašel je vysoce nakažlivé bakteriální onemocnění postihující řasinkový epitel respiračního traktu. Jedná se o kapénkovou infekci, která se snadno šíří především v populaci vnímavých jedinců (novorozenci, kojenci). Onemocnění se projevuje záchvaty dráždivého kašle, v dětském věku a u rizikových skupin (senioři, imunosuprimovaní, osoby s chronickým onemocněním plic) může mít komplikovaný až fatální průběh. Před objevem vakcíny byla tato infekce častou příčinou kojenecké morbidity a mortality, v současnosti je v České republice vakcína proti pertusi součástí povinného očkování v kojeneckém věku. V rámci ochrany nejmenších dětí, jež jsou infekcí nejvíce ohroženy, je také doporučeno přeočkování těhotných žen ve 3. trimestru gravidity. Jelikož je v letošním roce počet hlášených případů pertuse opět na vzestupu, je vhodné si zopakovat základní informace o infekci a seznámit se s aktuálními doporučeními.
Whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial disease that affects the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract. The disease is transmitted by the inhalation of infected droplets and easily spreads mainly in the population of responsive subjects (newborns, infants). The disease manifests by a paroxysmal unproductive cough, in childhood, and in a high-risk group of people (seniors, immunosuppressed patients, and patients with chronic lung disease) can have a complicated or fatal course. This infection was a frequent cause of infant morbidity and mortality before the development of the vaccine, in present the vaccine against pertussis is a part of mandatory vaccination in infant age in the Czech Republic. In protection of the smallest children, which are mostly threatened by whooping cough, is also recommended a revaccination during pregnancy between 27 and 36 weeks gestation. Cause of the increase in pertussis cases this year, it's good to repeat basic information about the infection and also get to know current recommendations.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- Bordetella pertussis patogenita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pertuse * diagnóza epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- pertusová vakcína MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Bordetella pertussis continues to cause whooping cough globally even in countries with high immunisation coverage. Booster vaccinations with acellular pertussis vaccines are thus used in children, adolescents, and adults. T cell immunity is crucial for orchestrating the immune response after vaccination. However, T cell assays can be expensive and difficult to implement in large clinical trials. In this study, a whole blood (WB) stimulation assay was developed to identify secreted T cell associated cytokines in different age groups after acellular pertussis booster vaccination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Longitudinal WB samples were collected from a small set of subjects (n = 38) aged 7-70 years participating in a larger ongoing clinical trial. For assay development, samples were diluted and incubated with purified inactivated pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), inactivated B. pertussis lysate, and complete medium (M) as stimulating conditions, with anti-CD28 and anti-CD49d as co-stimulants. Different timepoints around the vaccination (D0, D7, D14, D28), WB dilution factor (1:2, 1:4) and incubation time (24 h, 48 h, 72 h) were compared. Responses to 15 cytokines were tested with Luminex/multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS: The optimized assay consisted of WB incubation with M, PT, and FHA (including the two co-stimulants). After 48 h incubation, supernatants were collected for measurement of seven selected T cell associated cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17 A, IL-17F, and IFN-y) from samples before and 28 days after vaccination. PT stimulation showed a trend for upregulation of IL-2, IL-13, and IL-17 A/F for adult subjects, whereas the responses of all cytokines were downregulated for the paediatric subjects. Furthermore, PT and FHA-stimulated WB showed diverse cytokine producing profiles. CONCLUSIONS: The developed WB-based cytokine assay was shown to be less costly, easy to perform, and functional in differently aged individuals. Further, it requires only a small amount of fresh blood, which is beneficial especially for studies including infants. Our results support the use of this assay for other immunological studies in the future.
- MeSH
- antigeny bakteriální * imunologie MeSH
- Bordetella pertussis * imunologie MeSH
- cytokiny * krev imunologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pertuse * imunologie krev prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pertusová vakcína * imunologie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- sekundární imunizace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- T-lymfocyty * imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- kombinované vakcíny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pertuse * diagnóza epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pertusová vakcína MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- antibiotická profylaxe MeSH
- Bordetella pertussis izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hlášení nemocí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrolidy aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- pertuse * diagnóza farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pertuse * epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
