Delivery of care for kidney failure (KF) globally has a significant disparity; even in some countries, it means end of life for the person. The International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas (ISN-GKHA) tries to address gaps in KF care and standardize global nephrology care. From the third iteration of the ISN-GKHA, we present data for countries in the ISN Eastern and Central Europe region. The median prevalences of chronic kidney disease (12.8%) and treated KF (873.5 pmp) were higher than the global rates, respectively. Hemodialysis was the most preferred modality for KF in adults, whereas kidney replacement therapy was more balanced in children. Although most of the countries in the region had lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income levels, health expenditures for kidney health care were almost generally covered publicly. Nephrologists were responsible for the medical kidney care of people with KF in all countries. There was adequate infrastructure to provide all kinds of treatment for kidney care in the region. Regional characteristics such as high levels of obesity, smoking, and Balkan nephropathy as an endemic disease coupled with a shortage of workforce and finance continued to affect kidney care in the region negatively. By making organizational and legislative arrangements, partnerships with national authorities and societies may accelerate the improvement of kidney health care in the region.

Australasian Kidney Trials Network at the University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia

Canada and Pan American Health Organization World Health Organization's Collaborating Centre in Prevention and Control of Chronic Kidney Disease University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada

Centre for Kidney Disease Research University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia

Clinic for Internal Diseases Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation University Hospital Center Tuzla Tuzla Bosnia and Herzegovina

Department of Kidney and Transplant Services Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia

Department of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada

Department of Nephrology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General Hospital Prague Prague Czech Republic

Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Internal Medicine Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland

Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation University Hospital Center Rijeka Rijeka Croatia

Department of Pediatric Nephrology İzmir Democracy University School of Medicine İzmir Turkey

Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa

Division of Nephrology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada

Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada

George Institute for Global Health University of New South Wales New Delhi India

Kidney and Hypertension Research Unit University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa

Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India

Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK

School of Public Health Imperial College London UK

The International Society of Nephrology Brussels Belgium

Translational Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia

Komentář v

Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2024 Apr;13(1):1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.kisu.2023.12.001. PubMed

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Jager K.J., Kovesdy C., Langham R., et al. A single number for advocacy and communication-worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases. Kidney Int. 2019;96:1048–1050. PubMed

Debska-Slizien A., Bello A.K., Johnson D.W., et al. International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas: structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in Eastern and Central Europe. Kidney Int Suppl. 2021;11:e24–e34. PubMed PMC

European Renal Association ERA registry annual report 2021. https://www.era-online.org/research-education/era-registry/annual-reports/

Spasovski G., Rroji M., Vazelov E., et al. Nephrology in the Eastern and Central European region: challenges and opportunities. Kidney Int. 2019;96:287–290. PubMed

Okpechi I.G., Bello A.K., Levin A., Johnson D.W. Update on variability in organization and structures of kidney care across world regions. Kidney Int Suppl. 2024;13:6–11.

The World Bank World development indicators. The world by income and region. https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/the-world-by-income-and-region.html

Central Intelligence Agency The World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook

Erek E., Sever M.S., Akoglu E., et al. Cost of renal replacement therapy in Turkey. Nephrology (Carlton) 2004;9:33–38. PubMed

Kalo Z., Jaray J., Nagy J. Economic evaluation of kidney transplantation versus hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease in Hungary. Prog Transplant. 2001;11:188–193. PubMed

Kandus A., Arnol M., Bren A.F. Survey of renal transplantation in Slovenia. Ther Apher Dial. 2009;13:264–267. PubMed

Neretljak I., Sucic M., Kocman B., et al. The cost of kidney transplantation at the Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia. Acta Clin Croat. 2021;60:178–183. PubMed PMC

Perovic S., Jankovic S. Renal transplantation vs hemodialysis: cost-effectiveness analysis. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2009;66:639–644. PubMed

Rifatbegovic Z., Trnacevic S., Begic E., et al. Organ transplantation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Transplantation. 2022;106:1703–1708. PubMed

van der Tol A., Lameire N., Morton R.L., et al. An international analysis of dialysis services reimbursement. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;14:84–93. PubMed PMC

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) results. 2020. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/

World Health Organization Global health observatory. https://www.who.int/data/gho

European Renal Association ERA registry annual report 2019. 2019. https://www.era-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ERA-Registry-Annual-Report-2019.pdf

Jain A.K., Blake P., Cordy P., et al. Global trends in rates of peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23:533–544. PubMed PMC

Seyahi N., Kocyigit I., Ates K., et al. Current status of renal replacement therapy in turkey: a summary of 2020 Turkish Society of Nephrology Registry report. https://turkjnephrol.org/en/current-status-of-renal-replacement-therapy-in-turkey-a-summary-of-2020-turkish-society-of-nephrology-registry-report-137038

United States Renal Data System . National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Bethesda, MD: 2019. 2019 USRDS Annual Data Report.https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/usrds/prior-data-reports/2019

WHO-ONT Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation. http://www.transplant-observatory.org/data-charts-and-tables/

The World Bank Europe and Central Asia. 2023. https://data.worldbank.org/region/europe-and-central-asia?view=chart

Macrotrends Turkey refugee statistics 1960-2023. 2023. https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/TUR/turkey/refugee-statistics

Kutluk T., Koc M., Oner I., et al. Cancer among syrian refugees living in Konya Province, Turkey. Confl Health. 2022;16:3. PubMed PMC

Jiang Z., Wang Y., Zhao X., et al. Obesity and chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2023;324:E24–E41. PubMed

Arabi T., Shafqat A., Sabbah B.N., et al. Obesity-related kidney disease: beyond hypertension and insulin-resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13 PubMed PMC

Martin-Taboada M., Vila-Bedmar R., Medina-Gómez G. From obesity to chronic kidney disease: how can adipose tissue affect renal function? Nephron. 2021;145:609–613. PubMed

World Health Organization Obesity and overweight. 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight/

World Health Organization Hypertension. 2023. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension

Mills K.T., Stefanescu A., He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16:223–237. PubMed PMC

Erdem Y., Arici M., Altun B., et al. The relationship between hypertension and salt intake in Turkish population: SALTURK study. Blood Press. 2010;19:313–318. PubMed

Erdem Y., Akpolat T., Derici Ü., et al. Dietary sources of high sodium intake in Turkey: SALTURK II. Nutrients. 2017;9:933. PubMed PMC

World Health Organization Tobacco. 2023. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco

Staplin N., Haynes R., Herrington W.G., et al. Smoking and adverse outcomes in patients with CKD: the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP) Am J Kidney Dis. 2016;68:371–380. PubMed PMC

Lee S., Kang S., Joo Y.S., et al. Smoking, smoking cessation, and progression of chronic kidney disease: results from KNOW-CKD Study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021;23:92–98. PubMed

Li P.K., Chow K.M., Van de Luijtgaarden M.W., et al. Changes in the worldwide epidemiology of peritoneal dialysis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13:90–103. PubMed

Chiu Y.W., Jiwakanon S., Lukowsky L., et al. An update on the comparisons of mortality outcomes of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. Semin Nephrol. 2011;31:152–158. PubMed PMC

Mehrotra R., Chiu Y.W., Kalantar-Zadeh K., et al. Similar outcomes with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:110–118. PubMed

Chuengsaman P., Kasemsup V. PD First policy: Thailand’s response to the challenge of meeting the needs of patients with end-stage renal disease. Semin Nephrol. 2017;37:287–295. PubMed

Li P.K., Lu W., Mak S.K., et al. Peritoneal dialysis first policy in Hong Kong for 35 years: global impact. Nephrology (Carlton) 2022;27:787–794. PubMed PMC

Sangthawan P., Klyprayong P., Geater S.L., et al. The hidden financial catastrophe of chronic kidney disease under universal coverage and Thai “Peritoneal Dialysis First Policy.”. Front Public Health. 2022;10 PubMed PMC

Liu F.X., Gao X., Inglese G., et al. A global overview of the impact of peritoneal dialysis first or favored policies: an opinion. Perit Dial Int. 2015;35:406–420. PubMed PMC

International Monetary Fund World economic outlook. 2022. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2022/10/11/world-economic-outlook-october-2022

Anderson N.E., Calvert M., Cockwell P., et al. Using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to promote quality of care in the management of patients with established kidney disease requiring treatment with haemodialysis in the UK (PROM-HD): a qualitative study protocol. BMJ Open. 2018;8 PubMed PMC

Breckenridge K., Bekker H.L., Gibbons E., et al. How to routinely collect data on patient-reported outcome and experience measures in renal registries in Europe: an expert consensus meeting. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015;30(10):1605–1614. PubMed PMC

Kniepeiss D., Jantscher L., Al-Sharafy S., et al. Framework for solid-organ transplantation during COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021;14:2421–2433. PubMed PMC

Giovinazzo F., Avolio A.W., Galiandro F., et al. Solid organ transplantation during COVID-19 pandemic: an international web-based survey on resources’ allocation. Transplant Direct. 2021;7:e669. PubMed PMC

Dona D., Torres Canizales J., Benetti E., et al. Pediatric transplantation in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: early impact on activity and healthcare. Clin Transplant. 2020;34 PubMed PMC

Burgner A., Ikizler T.A. Increasing interest in nephrology: focusing on the medical students. Am J Nephrol. 2019;50:1–3. PubMed

Nair D., Pivert K.A., Baudy At, et al. Perceptions of nephrology among medical students and internal medicine residents: a national survey among institutions with nephrology exposure. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20:146. PubMed PMC

Sozio S.M., Pivert K.A., Shah H.H., et al. Increasing medical student interest in nephrology. Am J Nephrol. 2019;50:4–10. PubMed