The identification of genes involved in salinity tolerance has primarily focused on model plants and crops. However, plants naturally adapted to highly saline environments offer valuable insights into tolerance to extreme salinity. Salicornia plants grow in coastal salt marshes, stimulated by NaCl. To understand this tolerance, we generated genome sequences of two Salicornia species and analyzed the transcriptomic and proteomic responses of Salicornia bigelovii to NaCl. Subcellular membrane proteomes reveal that SbiSOS1, a homolog of the well-known SALT-OVERLY-SENSITIVE 1 (SOS1) protein, appears to localize to the tonoplast, consistent with subcellular localization assays in tobacco. This neo-localized protein can pump Na+ into the vacuole, preventing toxicity in the cytosol. We further identify 11 proteins of interest, of which SbiSALTY, substantially improves yeast growth on saline media. Structural characterization using NMR identified it as an intrinsically disordered protein, localizing to the endoplasmic reticulum in planta, where it can interact with ribosomes and RNA, stabilizing or protecting them during salt stress.

Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal 23955 6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Center for Desert Agriculture King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Biology Penn State University University Park PA 16801 US

Department Physiology of Yield Stability Institute of Crop Science University of Hohenheim Fruwirthstr 21 70599 Stuttgart Germany

Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics Šlechtitelů 31 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic

Red Sea Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Rice Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

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