During the summer of 2023, the European Region experienced a limited resurgence of mpox cases following the substantial outbreak in 2022. This increase was characterised by asynchronous and bimodal increases, with countries experiencing peaks at different times. The demographic profile of cases during the resurgence was largely consistent with those reported previously. All available sequences from the European Region belonged to clade IIb. Sustained efforts are crucial to control and eventually eliminate mpox in the European Region.

Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health Zagreb Croatia

Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety Vienna Austria

Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia Department of Infectious Diseases Risk Analysis and Prevention Riga Latvia

Centre for Health Security and Communicable Disease Control Directorate of Health Reykjavik Iceland

Coordinating Centre for Health Alerts and Emergencies Directorate General of Public Health Ministry of Health Madrid Spain

Croatian Institute of Public Health Division for Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases Zagreb Croatia

Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czechia

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciensano Brussels Belgium

Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark

Department of Infectious Diseases Rigshospitalet University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark

Directorate of Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention for Communicable Diseases National Public Health Organization Marousi Greece

Directorate of Information and Analysis Directorate General of Health Lisbon Portugal

Division of Epidemiology Ministry of Health Jerusalem Israel

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Stockholm Sweden

Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland

HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre Dublin Ireland

HSE Public Health National Health Protection Office Dublin Ireland

Medical and Public Health Services Nicosia Cyprus

Medical University of Vienna Centre for Virology Vienna Austria

Ministry of Health Rome Italy

National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Sofia Bulgaria

National Centre of Epidemiology CIBER in Infectious Diseases Carlos 3 Health Institute Madrid Spain

National Institute of Public Health Bucharest Romania

National Institute of Public Health Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Prague Czechia

National Institute of Public Health NIH National Research Institute Warsaw Poland

NIJZ Centre for Communicable Diseases Ljubljana Slovenia

Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway

Public Health Agency of Sweden Solna Sweden

Public Health Emergency Centre Directorate General of Health Lisbon Portugal

Santé publique France the French National Public Health Agency Saint Denis France

Santé publique France the French National Public Health Agency Saint Maurice France

School of Health Sciences Ashkelon Academic College Ashkelon Israel

Swiss Federal Office of Public Health Bern Switzerland

These authors contributed equally as first authors

These authors contributed equally as last authors

United Kingdom Health Security Agency London United Kingdom

World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen Denmark

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