The development of new drug modalities has been facilitated recently by the introduction of boron as a component of organic compounds, and specifically within a benzoxaborale scaffold. This has enabled exploration of new chemical space and the development of effective compounds targeting a broad range of morbidities, including infections by protozoa, fungi, worms, and bacteria. Most notable is the recent demonstration of a single oral dose cure using acoziborole against African trypanosomiasis. Common and species-/structure-specific interactions between benzoxaboroles and parasite species have emerged and provide vital insights into the mechanisms of cidality, as well as potential challenges in terms of resistance and/or side effects. Here, we discuss the literature specific to benzoxaborole studies in parasitic protists and consider unanswered questions concerning this important new drug class.

Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery School of Life Sciences University of Dundee Dundee DD1 5EH UK

Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery School of Life Sciences University of Dundee Dundee DD1 5EH UK; Institute of Parasitology Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Department of Parasitology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague BIOCEV Vestec Czech Republic

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