This paper deals with karate activity in the areas of physical culture in the broad sense. It is a concise and clear approach to the topic, which aimed to conceptualise the inclusion of karate in areas of physical culture as a contemporarily attractive physical activity. Karate was described here as a combat sport, martial art, and self-defence system in the following areas of physical culture: physical education, physiotherapy, recreation, sports, and tourism. Reference here was made to physical activity focused on bunkai (circuit interpretation exercises), kata (circuit exercises), kihon (technical exercises), and kumite (combat exercises). It has been determined that practitioners' involvement in karate culture affects their level of sense of coherence. In addition, the conditioning for using karate in physical culture to the maintenance of health was mentioned. Here, reference was made to the perceptual perspective of the bodily and mental practice of karate for health. It has been established that this can be effective by adopting only the objectives of karate as martial art. Based on the above, it was concluded that practising karate is present in all areas of physical culture as combat sport, martial art, and self-defence system, but practising karate only as martial art provides opportunities for maintenance of health.

Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences Wrocław Poland

Faculty of Sciences Humanities and Education Technical University of Liberec Liberec Czechia

Institute of Physical Culture Studies College of Medical Sciences University of Rzeszow Rzeszów Poland

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Piepiora P, Witkowski K. Quo vadis, karate? Arch Budo. (2023) 19:129–35.

Kuśnierz C. Values associated with practicing modern karate as a form of cultivating old Japanese bushido patterns. Ido Mov Cult J Martial Arts Anthropol. (2011) 11(4):1–5.

Kim J, Kim E. There is no first attack in karate: the emergence of “sport karate” during the allied occupation of Japan. Sport Hist Rev. (2022) 53(1):1–16. 10.1123/shr.2021-0005 DOI

Tomas J, Saragoca J. Budo as philosophical background of karate-do: does the training method really matter? Ido Mov Cult J Martial Arts Anthropol. (2018) 18(2):38–42.

Cynarski WJ. General canon of the philosophy of karate and taekwondo. Ido Mov Cult J Martial Arts Anthropol. (2019) 19(3):24–32.

Cuesta-Valiño P, Núñez-Barriopedro E, Loranca-Valle C, Rua OL. The variables that explain loyalty in non-profit karate organisations. Arch Budo. (2022) 18:269–85.

Messaoud WB. Karate, and the perception of the sport. Ido Mov Cult J Martial Arts Anthropol. (2016) 16(3):47–56.

Clark A. A statistical analysis of the kata scoring system in sport karate. Ido Mov Cult J Martial Arts Anthropol. (2022) 22(4):33–40.

Witkowski K. A few words about the “karate compendium”. Arch Budo Sci Martial Art Extreme Sport. (2021) 17:25–8.

Sasaki T. Budo (the martial arts) as Japanese culture. The outlook on the techniques and the outlook on the human being. Arch Budo. (2008) 4:46–9.

Kalina RM. Teoria Sportów Walki. Warszawa: Centralny Ośrodek Sportu; (2000).

Vit M, Reguli Z. The Role of Combatives Teaching in Physical Education. Brno: Masaryk University; (2015).

Cynarski WJ. Sztuki Walki i Sporty Walki. W Kierunku Ogólnej Teorii. Gdańsk: WN Katedra; (2019).

Piepiora P. Kompendium Karate. Wrocław: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu; (2021).

Pałka T, Rydzik Ł, Witkowski K, Tota Ł, Lech G, Ambroży T, et al. Heat stress levels in judokas during a special performance test conducted at two different ambient temperatures. Arch Budo. (2023) 19:165–81.

Suveren Erdogan C, Arslan Y. Investigation of the effect of short-term karate training on walking ability in visually impaired children. Int J Dis Sports Health Sci. (2024) 7(2):445–51. 10.33438/ijdshs.1430001 DOI

Piepiora PA, Piepiora ZN, Stackeová D, Bagińska J. Editorial: physical culture from an interdisciplinary perspective. Front Psychol. (2023) 14:1254027. 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1254027 PubMed DOI PMC

Pawłucki A. Nauki o Kulturze Fizycznej. Kraków: Impuls; (2015).

Kosiewicz J. Kultura Fizyczna i Sport w Perspektywie Filozofii. Warszawa: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego Imienia Józefa Piłsudskiego w Warszawie; (2000).

Pate RR, Hohn RC. Health and Fitness Through Physical Education. USA: Human Kinetics; (1994).

Potter M, Gordon S, Hamer P. The physiotherapy experience in private practice: the patients’ perspective. Aust J Physiother. (2003) 49(3):195–202. 10.1016/s0004-9514(14)60239-7 PubMed DOI

Piepiora Z, Mądro K, Godlewska M, Witkowski K. The comparison of economic value of recreational assets of most popular Polish national parks with the travel cost method. Arch Budo Sci Martial Art Extreme Sport. (2021) 17:71–87.

Kosendiak J. Projektowanie Systemów Treningowych. Wrocław: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu; (2013).

Fedyk W, Sołtysik M, Bagińska J, Ziemba M, Kołodziej M, Borzyszkowski J. Changes in DMO’s orientation and tools to support organizations in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability. (2022) 14:11611. 10.3390/su141811611 DOI

Marchenko S, Ivashchenko O, Jagiello W, Iermakov S, Khudolii O, Yermakova T. Discriminant analysis: features of training 10-year-old boys in the technique of kicks in Kyokushin karate. Arch Budo. (2022) 18:1–11.

Góra T, Pluto-Prądzyńska A. Biomechanics of martial arts: the analysis of the scientific resources of scopus. Health Sport Rehabil. (2023) 9(4):111–21. 10.58962/HSR.2023.9.4.111-121 DOI

Kuśnierz C, Rogowska A, Görner K. Emotional intelligence and aggression in Kyokushin and Shotokan karate athletes. Arch Budo. (2023) 19:137–50.

Augustovicova D, Hadza R. Kata selection after the full adoption of the scoring system at the top-level karate competitions. Ido Mov Cult J Martial Arts Anthropol. (2022) 22(5):71–9.

Cynarski WJ. Tourism of Martial Arts: Social-Cultural Perspective. Rzeszów: Rzeszow University Press; (2020).

Cecen AR, Mert MA. Sense of coherence, family sense of coherence and psychological distress: the mediating role of self satisfaction. Int J Ment Health Addict. (2023). 10.1007/s11469-023-01185-w DOI

Antonovsky A. The salutogenic model as a theory to guide health promotion. Health Promot Int. (1996) 11(1):11–8. 10.1093/heapro/11.1.11 DOI

Chwałczyńska A, Rutkowski T, Sobiech KA. Similarities and differences of the body composition and the fat-free fat index between kyokushin karate athletes, swimmers, basketball, soccer, American football players and non-active men. Arch Budo. (2021) 17:349–56.

Litwiniuk A, Grants J, Kravalis I, Obmiński Z. Personality traits of athletes practicing eastern martial arts. Arch Budo. (2019) 15:195–201.

Pavlova I, Bodnar I, Vitos J. The role of karate in preparing boys for school education. Physical Activity Review. (2018) 6:54–63. 10.16926/par.2018.06.08 DOI

Cynarski WJ. Antropologia Sztuk Walki. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego; (2012).

Burrai F, Ortu S, Rafati S, Micheluzzi V. Effectiveness of karate in oncology patients: a quasi-experimental study. Holist Nurs Pract. (2024) 38(3):151–63. 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000644 PubMed DOI

Beghetto G. Nowa Encyklopedia Karate-do. Tom1. Szczecin: Columbus; (2011).

Simões H, Santos P, Pereira B, Figueiredo A. Práctica de karate: soluciones empoderadoras para mitigar el acoso escolar en edad escolar (karate practice: empoweringik solutions to mitigate school-age bullying). Retos. (2024) 53:618–27. 10.47197/retos.v53.101908 DOI

Iorga V, De Hillerin P-J, Rosu D, Camenidis CM, Geanta VA. The impact of psycho–neuro–motor exercises on enhancing karate technical proficiency. J Physic Educ Sport. (2024) 24(4):992–1000. 10.7752/jpes.2024.04113 DOI

Contiero D, Kosiewicz J, Baker J. Karate: emotions and movement anticipation. Physic Cul Sport Stud Res. (2018) 79(1):62–71. 10.2478/pcssr-2018-0021 DOI

Telles TCB, Barreira CRA. Karate practices in Japan and Okinawa: describing an immersion using a phenomenological and transcultural approach. Ido Mov Cult J Martial Arts Anthropol. (2024) 24(3):1–11. 10.14589/ido.24.3.1 DOI

Baiao AA, Jr, Pereira MPVC, Duarte E, de Almeida JJG, Alves MLT. Martial arts for children: difficulties in the teaching process from the coaches’ perspectives. Ido Mov Cult J Martial Arts Anthropol. (2024) 24(3):97–105. 10.14589/ido.24.3.11 DOI

Litwiniuk A, Bąk R, Chodała A. Profiles of general physical fitness of young men training in combat sports. Arch Budo. (2023) 19:287–97.

Marchenko S, Ivashchenko O, Jagiello W, Iermakov S, Khudolii O, Bobrysheva V. The efficiency of the process of forming the skill of performing kin geri kick. Arch Budo. (2023) 19:51–9.

Witkowski K. Kancho Kenneth Funakoshi: a turn-of-the-century karate grand master. Arch Budo Sci Martial Art Extreme Sport. (2022) 18:29–34.

Vveinhardt J, Kaspare M. The relationship between mindfulness practices and the psychological state and performance of Kyokushin karate athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. (2022) 19:4001. 10.3390/ijerph19074001 PubMed DOI PMC

Fabio RA, Towey GE. Cognitive and personality factors in the regular practice of martial arts. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. (2018) 58(6):933–43. 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07245-0 PubMed DOI

Witkowski K, Glapa A. Analysis of karate training for people with mental disabilities. Arch Budo Sci Martial Art Extreme Sport. (2022) 18:17–21.

Fatahi A, Nikjoo N. Karate pathology: a systematic review. J Sport Biomech. (2022) 8(2):90–112. 10.52547/JSportBiomech.8.2.90 DOI

Kostorz K, Sas-Nowosielski K. Aggression dimensions among athletes practising martial arts and combat sports. Front Psychol. (2021) 12:696943. 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.696943 PubMed DOI PMC

Vveinhardt J, Kaspare M. Connections of bullying experienced by Kyokushin karate athletes with the psychological state: is “a cure for bullying” safe? Front Sports Act Living. (2024) 6:1304285. 10.3389/fspor.2024.1304285 PubMed DOI PMC

Arriaza R, Cierna D, Regueiro P, Inman D, Roman F, Abarca B, et al. Low risk of concussions in top-level karate competition. Br J Sports Med. (2017) 51:226–30. 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096574 PubMed DOI

Lim LJH, Ho RCM, Ho CSH. Dangers of mixed martial arts in the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. (2019) 16(2):254. 10.3390/ijerph16020254 PubMed DOI PMC

Kalina RM. Methodology of complementary research as the basis for integrating science in fulfilling its social mission in the future. Arch Budo. (2023) 19:77–82.