Polygenetic Risk Scores are used to evaluate an individual's vulnerability to developing specific diseases or conditions based on their genetic composition, by taking into account numerous genetic variations. This article provides an overview of the concept of Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS). We elucidate the historical advancements of PRS, their advantages and shortcomings in comparison with other predictive methods, and discuss their conceptual limitations in light of the complexity of biological systems. Furthermore, we provide a survey of published tools for computing PRS and associated resources. The various tools and software packages are categorized based on their technical utility for users or prospective developers. Understanding the array of available tools and their limitations is crucial for accurately assessing and predicting disease risks, facilitating early interventions, and guiding personalized healthcare decisions. Additionally, we also identify potential new avenues for future bioinformatic analyzes and advancements related to PRS.

Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Technicka 10 Brno 61600 Czechia

Department of Computer Systems Faculty of Information Technology Brno University of Technology Brno 612 00 Czechia

Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno 62500 Czech Republic

Faculty of Informatics Masaryk University Botanicka 68a Brno 60200 Czech Republic

Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam 14476 Germany

Molecular Systems Biology Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology University of Vienna Vienna 1010 Austria

RECETOX Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kotlarska 2 Brno 62500 Czech Republic

Vienna Metabolomics Center University of Vienna Vienna 1010 Austria

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