Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of synthetic organic chemicals of global concern. A group of 36 scientists and regulators from 18 countries held a hybrid workshop in 2022 in Zürich, Switzerland. The workshop, a sequel to a previous Zürich workshop held in 2017, deliberated on progress in the last five years and discussed further needs for cooperative scientific research and regulatory action on PFASs. This review reflects discussion and insights gained during and after this workshop and summarizes key signs of progress in science and policy, ongoing critical issues to be addressed, and possible ways forward. Some key take home messages include: 1) understanding of human health effects continues to develop dramatically, 2) regulatory guidelines continue to drop, 3) better understanding of emissions and contamination levels is needed in more parts of the world, 4) analytical methods, while improving, still only cover around 50 PFASs, and 5) discussions of how to group PFASs for regulation (including subgroupings) have gathered momentum with several jurisdictions proposing restricting a large proportion of PFAS uses. It was concluded that more multi-group exchanges are needed in the future and that there should be a greater diversity of participants at future workshops.

California Department of Toxic Substances Control Safer Consumer Products Program Berkeley 94710 California United States

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Environmental and Occupational Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh 15261 Pennsylvania United States

Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State University Corvallis 97331 Oregon United States

Department of Environmental Science Stockholm University Stockholm SE 10691 Sweden

Department of Food Safety Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo 0213 Norway

Department of Oceanography Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianopólis 40170110 Brazil

Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Section for Environmental Chemistry and Physics University of Copenhagen Copenhagen 1165 Denmark

Department of Public Health Environments and Society London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London WC1H 9SH U K

Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St Gallen CH 9014 Switzerland

EnviroHealth Consulting Accra GA184 Ghana

Federal Office for the Environment FOEN Bern 3003 Switzerland

German Environment Agency Dessau Roßlau 06844 Germany

Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett 02882 Rhode Island United States

Health and Environment Program Commonweal Bolinas 94924 California United States

Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics ETH Zürich Zürich CH 8092 Switzerland

Milieu Consulting SPRL Brussels 1060 Belgium

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences U S Public Health Service Research Triangle Park 27709 North Carolina United States

NILU Tromsø 9296 Norway and Department of Food Safety Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo 0213 Norway

Norwegian Environment Agency Trondheim N 7485 Norway

Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences The University of Queensland Queensland 4102 Australia

RECETOX Masaryk University Brno 62500 Czech Republic

School of Civil Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang 14300 Malaysia

School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou CN 310024 and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Water Research Institute National Research Council Brugherio 20861 Italy

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