Understanding the impacts of changing climate and disturbance regimes on forest ecosystems is greatly aided by the use of process-based models. Such models simulate processes based on first principles of ecology, which requires parameterization. Parameterization is an important step in model development and application, defining the characteristics of trees and their responses to the environment, i.e., their traits. For species-specific models, parameterization is usually done at the level of individual species. Parameterization is indispensable for accurately modeling demographic processes, including growth, mortality, and regeneration of trees, along with their intra- and inter-specific interactions. As it is time-demanding to compile the parameters required to simulate forest ecosystems in complex models, simulations are often restricted to the most common tree species, genera, or plant-functional types. Yet, as tree species composition might change in the future, it is important to account for a broad range of species and their individual responses to drivers of change explicitly in simulations. Thus, species-specific parameterization is a critical task for making accurate projections about future forest trajectories, yet species parameters often remain poorly documented in simulation studies. We compiled and harmonized all existing tree species parameters available for the individual-based forest landscape and disturbance model (iLand). Since its first publication in 2012, iLand has been applied in 50 peer-reviewed publications across three continents throughout the Northern Hemisphere (i.e., Europe, North America, and Asia). The model operates at individual-tree level and simulates ecosystem processes at multiple spatial scales, making it a capable process-based model for studying forest change. However, the extensive number of processes and their interactions as well as the wide range of spatio-temporal scales considered in iLand require intensive parameterization, with tree species characterized by 66 unique parameters in the model. The database presented here includes parameters for 150 temperate and boreal tree species and provenances (i.e., regional variations). Excluding missing values, the database includes a total of 9,249 individual parameter entries. In addition, we provide parameters for the individual susceptibility of tree species to wind disturbance (five parameters) for a subset of 104 tree species and provenances (498 parameter entries). To guide further model parameterization efforts, we provide an estimate of uncertainty for each species based on how thoroughly simulations with the respective parameters were evaluated against independent data. Our dataset aids the future parameterization and application of iLand, and sets a new standard in documenting parameters used in process-based forest simulations. This dataset will support model application in previously unstudied areas and can facilitate the investigation of new tree species being introduced to well-studied systems (e.g., simulating assisted migration in the context of rapid climate change). Given that many process-based models rely on similar underlying processes our harmonized parameter set will be of relevance beyond the iLand community. Our work could catalyze further research into improving the parameterization of process-based forest models, increasing the robustness of projections of climate change impacts and adaptation strategies.

Berchtesgaden National Park Doktorberg 6 83471 Berchtesgaden Germany

Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Box AB Millbrook NY 12578 USA

Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI 53706 USA

Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA

Division of Forest Nature and Landscape Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200E 3001 Leuven Belgium

Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Hans‑Carl‑Von‑Carlowitz‑Platz 2 85354 Freising Germany

Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague 6 Suchdol Czech Republic

Field Science Center Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3 5 8 Saiwai tyo Fuchu Tokyo 183 8509 Japan

Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences Yokohama National University 79 7 Tokiwadai Hodogaya Yokohama Kanagawa 240 8501 Japan

Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont 617 Main Street Burlington VT 05405 USA

KU Leuven Plant Institute KU Leuven 3001 Leuven Belgium

Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke Latokartanonkaari 9 00790 Helsinki Finland

Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Torgarden P O 5685 7485 Trondheim Norway

Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont 81 Carrigan Drive Burlington VT 05405 USA

School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington 3715W Stevens Way NE Seattle WA 98195 USA

University of New Brunswick Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management 28 Dineen Dr Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada

Vibrant Planet PBC Incline Village NV USA

Zobrazit více v PubMed

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Thom D., Rammer W., Albrich K., Braziunas K., Dobor L., Dollinger W., Hansen Christina, Harvey B., Hlasny T., Hoecker J., Honkaniemi Tyler, Keeton W., Yuta K., Kruszka S., Akira M., Morris J., Peters-Collaer Z., Ratajczak Stephen, Simensen T., Storms I., Suzuki K., Taylor A., Turner M., Willis S., Seidl R. 2024. iLand Species Parameters. DOI

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Rammer W., Braziunas K.H., Hansen W.D., Ratajczak Z., Westerling A.L., Turner M.G., Seidl R. Widespread regeneration failure in forests of Greater Yellowstone under scenarios of future climate and fire. Glob. Chang. Biol. 2021;27:4339–4351. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15726. PubMed DOI

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Thom D., Rammer W., Dirnböck T., Müller J., Kobler J., Katzensteiner K., Helm N., Seidl R. The impacts of climate change and disturbance on spatio-temporal trajectories of biodiversity in a temperate forest landscape. J. Appl. Ecol. 2017;54:28–38. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12644. PubMed DOI PMC

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