Phylogenetic analysis of four DNA regions (ITS, LSU, mtSSU and tef1α) supported the existence of five European Taphrina species which colonise Alnus in Europe. In addition to previously well-defined species, T.viridis is, for the first time recognised, by molecular study as a species related to T.sadebeckii. Analysis of publicly available sequences of barcoding regions suggested that T.viridis is only associated with A.alnobetula and no other Taphrina species colonize this host tree. Symptomatic, morphological, and physiological characterisation of T.viridis are provided together with the key for identification of Alnus associated Taphrina species in Europe and North America.

Culture Collection of Yeasts Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences Dúbravská cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia

Department of Botany Charles University Benátská 2 128 01 Prague Czech Republic Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Botany Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University in Bratislava Révová 39 811 02 Bratislava Slovakia Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia

Department of Plant Pathology University of Florida 2527 Fifield Hall 32611 0680 Gainesville Florida USA University of Florida Gainesville United States of America

Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre Slovak Academy of Sciences Dúbravská cesta 9 845 23 Bratislava Slovakia Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia

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