Stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a wide range of tumour (T1 to T4) and nodal (N0 to N3) components, requiring variable management and a multidisciplinary approach. Recent advancements in minimally invasive techniques, molecular biology and novel drug discoveries have accelerated the refinement of stage III NSCLC management. The latest developments in staging include the forthcoming update of the nodal component in the 9th TNM (tumour-node-metastasis) edition, which emphasises the critical role for endobronchial ultrasonography in mediastinal staging. Recent treatment developments include the use of immunotherapy and targeted molecular therapy in both the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting, either in combination with other modalities or used alone as consolidation. Surgical and radiotherapy advancements have further enhanced patient outcomes. These developments have significantly improved the prognosis for patients with stage III NSCLC. Fast-changing recommendations have also brought about a challenge, with clinicians facing a number of options to choose from. Therefore, a multimodal approach by a multidisciplinary team has become even more crucial in managing stage III NSCLC.

1st Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

4th 9th Department of Respiratory Medicine Sotiria Athens' Chest Diseases Hospital Athens Greece

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark

Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands

Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical Central Leeuwarden Leeuwarden The Netherlands

Department of Sustainable Health Faculty Campus Fryslân University of Groningen Leeuwarden The Netherlands

Division of Respirology and Critical Illness Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta Indonesia

Institute for Diagnostic Accuracy Groningen The Netherlands

Operative Research Unit of Radiation Oncology Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio Medico Roma Italy

Pulmonology Department Clinique Pasteur Toulouse France

Research Unit of Radiation Oncology Department of Medicine and Surgery Università Campus Bio Medico di Roma Roma Italy

University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Department of Epidemiology Groningen The Netherlands

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