Bloodborne pathogens (BBPs) pose formidable challenges in the realm of infectious diseases, representing significant risks to both human and animal health worldwide. The review paper provides a thorough examination of bloodborne pathogens, highlighting the serious worldwide threat they pose and the effects they have on animal and human health. It addresses the potential dangers of exposure that healthcare workers confront, which have affected 3 million people annually, and investigates the many pathways by which these viruses can spread. The limitations of traditional detection techniques like PCR and ELISA have been criticized, which has led to the investigation of new detection methods driven by advances in sensor technology. The objective is to increase the amount of knowledge that is available regarding bloodborne infections as well as effective strategies for their management and detection. This review provides a thorough overview of common bloodborne infections, including their patterns of transmission, and detection techniques.

Bioinformatics and Drug Innovation Laboratory BioLuster Research Center Ltd Gopalganj 8100 Bangladesh

Biomedical Research Center University Hospital Hradec Kralove 50003 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Center for Advanced Innovation Technologies VSB Technical University of Ostrava 70800 Ostrava Poruba Czech Republic

Center for Global Health Research Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University India

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy Jazan University Jazan 45142 Saudi Arabia

Department of Pharmacy Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University Gopalganj 8100 Bangladesh

Department of Pharmacy Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University Gopalgonj 8100 Bangladesh

Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove Rokitanskeho 62 500 03 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Health Research Center Jazan University P O Box 114 Jazan 82511 Saudi Arabia

Instrumentation and Control Engineering Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar Punjab 144011 India

School of Bioengineering and Food Technology Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 India

School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 India

School of Health Sciences University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun Uttarakhand India

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