Plasma flows with enhanced dynamic pressure, known as magnetosheath jets, are often found downstream of collisionless shocks. As they propagate through the magnetosheath, they interact with the surrounding plasma, shaping its properties, and potentially becoming geoeffective upon reaching the magnetopause. In recent years (since 2016), new research has produced vital results that have significantly enhanced our understanding on many aspects of jets. In this review, we summarise and discuss these findings. Spacecraft and ground-based observations, as well as global and local simulations, have contributed greatly to our understanding of the causes and effects of magnetosheath jets. First, we discuss recent findings on jet occurrence and formation, including in other planetary environments. New insights into jet properties and evolution are then examined using observations and simulations. Finally, we review the impact of jets upon interaction with the magnetopause and subsequent consequences for the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. We conclude with an outlook and assessment on future challenges. This includes an overview on future space missions that may prove crucial in tackling the outstanding open questions on jets in the terrestrial magnetosheath as well as other planetary and shock environments.

Department of Physics Aberystwyth University Physical Sciences Building Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ UK

Department of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK

Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku Vesilinnantie 5 Turku 20014 Finland

Department of Physics Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK

Department of Physics Umeå University Linnaeus väg 24 Umeå 90736 Umeå Sweden

Department of Physics University of Helsinki Pietari Kalmin katu 5 00014 University of Helsinki Finland

Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University 5 Holešovičkách 2 Prague 180 00 Czech Republic

Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science HUN REN Csatkai E u 6 8 Sopron 9400 Hungary

Institute of Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics Technische Universität Braunschweig Universitätsplatz 2 Braunschweig 38106 Germany

Institute of Physics University of Graz Universitätsplatz 5 Graz 8010 Austria

Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito de la Investigación Científica s n México City 04150 CDMX Mexico

Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory 11000 Johns Hopkins Rd Laurel 20723 MD USA

KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of Space and Plasma Physics School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Teknikringen 31 Stockholm 100 44 Sweden

School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive Atlanta 30332 GA USA

Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Schmiedlstraße 6 Graz 8042 Austria

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