BACKGROUND: Obesity plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic disorders including diabetes, coronary and renal diseases. There are several factors involved in the pathology of obesity, including chronic inflammation and exposure to environmental contaminants. Recently, the cholinergic co-hydrolyzing enzyme BChE has been associated with clinical conditions such as diabetes and obesity. This study aims to investigate the levels of BChE and inflammatory markers in the serum, as well as the association between two specific BCHE gene variants (rs1803274 and rs3495) and the risk of obesity in the Pakistani population. METHODS: The study recruited 350 people with obesity and 200 volunteers with no obesity. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) levels were quantified using ELISA kits, while the analysis of BCHE gene SNPs rs1803274 (K-variant) and rs3495 was conducted using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation-PCR (tetra-ARM-PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods, respectively. Additionally, clinico-pathological parameters HDL, LDL, BMI, Homa-IR, insulin, glucose, blood pressure was also assessed in subjects of current study. RESULTS: Results showed significantly higher levels of BChE, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the obesity group compared to the group without obesity. Furthermore, the obesity group exhibited higher blood pressure and LDL levels, as well as lower HDL levels when compared to group without obesity. Logistic regression analysis revealed a relationship between obesity and higher BChE activity, blood pressure, LDL, and lower HDL levels. The study also found a statistically significant association between the BCHE gene SNPs rs1803274 (K-variant) and rs3495 and the risk of obesity (OR = 2.01; CI = 1.21-3.33; p = 0.0063; OR = 1.80; CI = 1.09-2.96, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the study suggests that BChE and inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the development and pathogenesis of obesity and can also act as good diagnostic biomarkers for obesity and its related metabolic disorders.

Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital in Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 50003 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Center for Advanced Innovation Technologies VSB Technical University of Ostrava 70800 Ostrava Poruba Ostrava Czech Republic

Center for Basic and Applied Research University of Hradec Kralove 50003 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad Park Road Tarlai Islamabad 45550 Pakistan

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove Rokitanskeho 62 500 03 Hradec Kraloveit Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Grand Asian University Sialkot Pasrur Road Sialkot Pakistan

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