The Development and Validation of the Smell-Qx Questionnaire, Based on a Systematic Review of the Literature and the COMET Initiative on the Development of Core Outcome Sets for Clinical Trials in Olfactory Disorders
Status Publisher Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
PubMed
40344493
DOI
10.1002/alr.23604
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- Klíčová slova
- gustatory dysfunction, olfactory dysfunction, patient‐reported outcome measures,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction affects up to 22% of the population. Accurate assessment is vital for diagnosis and tracking outcomes, often using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). AIMS: We aimed to develop and validate a novel questionnaire for assessing olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. METHODS: A systematic review identified existing smell and taste questionnaires, followed by item generation and selection. After two Delphi cycles and consultation with a large panel of smell and taste experts, the Smell-Qx questionnaire was developed. A validation study recruited patients from smell and taste clinics (cases) and general ENT clinics (controls) to complete the Smell-Qx. Additionally, patients with smell and taste disorders underwent psychophysical testing using Sniffin' Stick Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification (TDI) tests. RESULTS: The Smell-Qx is an 11-domain instrument, with five core domains used for total score calculation and six history/quality-of-life domains for obtaining a comprehensive history. The validation study recruited 60 participants (32 patients with smell/taste disorders and 28 controls). Items showed acceptable to significant internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.64-0.97) and test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.65-0.99, p < 0.001). The Smell-Qx was effective at distinguishing patients with smell and taste disorders from controls (t = 9.99, df = 58, p < 0.0001). Concurrent criterion validity was good with overall SATD-related quality of life (r = 0.43, p = 0.015), as well as with the smell loss domain and overall smell TDI scores (r = -0.54, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: The Smell-Qx is a reliable and valid PROM for assessing olfactory and self-reported gustatory disorders, capturing symptom severity and quality-of-life impact. It can integrate into a multi-modal assessment approach alongside psychophysical testing.
2nd Academic ORL Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
Department of Anatomy Université du Québec à Trois Rivières Trois Rivières Quebec Canada
Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Øre Næse og Halskirurgi RHG Aarhus N Denmark
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston USA
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Hospital Clínic Barcelona Barcelona Spain
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
Department of Surgery The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
Division of Surgery and Interventional Science UCL London UK
ENT Department ASST Sette Laghi University of Insubria Varese Italy
Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston USA
Royal National Ear Nose Throat and Eastman Dental Hospitals London UK
Sheffield Children's Hospital Sheffield UK
UCL Cancer Institute London UK
UCL Ear Institute University College London London UK
University of East Anglia Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK
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