A taxonomic revision of the eumenophorine tarantula genus Monocentropus Pocock, 1897, which currently comprises three species, M.balfouri Pocock, 1897 (♂♀; Socotra, Yemen), M.lambertoni Fage, 1922 (♂♀; Madagascar), and M.longimanus Pocock, 1903 (♂♀; Yemen), is presented. By integrating both morphological data and a molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial (cox1) and nuclear (28S, 18S) markers, the genus is herein redefined to include only the type species, M.balfouri. A new genus, Satyrex Zamani & von Wirth, gen. nov., is established to comprise S.longimanus comb. nov., along with four new species from the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa described herein: S.arabicus Zamani & von Wirth, sp. nov. (♂; Saudi Arabia), S.ferox Zamani, von Wirth & Stockmann, sp. nov. (♂♀; Yemen, Oman), S.somalicus Zamani & von Wirth, sp. nov. (♂; Somaliland), and S.speciosus Zamani, von Wirth & Just, sp. nov. (♂♀; Somaliland). The new genus is partially characterised by possessing the longest male palps known in tarantulas, possibly functioning in cannibalism avoidance during mating. Both the molecular phylogeny and morphological characters suggest that M.lambertoni is probably not congeneric with M.balfouri, and also indicate that multiple species may be currently subsumed under the former name. Therefore, M.lambertoni is regarded as incerta sedis pending further studies to clarify its taxonomic placement, as it is also considered to represent a species complex. Finally, the distribution of all studied taxa is discussed within a biogeographic framework.

Department of Biology Faculty of Education Amoud University 2526 Borama Somalia Amoud University Borama Somalia

Department of Biology University of Turku 20500 Turku Finland University of Turku Turku Finland

Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 128 00 Prague Czech Republic Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Division of Evolutionary Biology Zoological Institute Braunschweig University of Technology Mendelssohnstr 4 38106 Braunschweig Germany Braunschweig University of Technology Braunschweig Germany

Faculty of Sciences Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany

Im Hoek 20 48477 Hörstel Riesenbeck Germany Unaffiliated Hörstel Riesenbeck Germany

Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany

Theraphosid Research Team Hofmarkstraße 6 85462 Eitting Germany Theraphosid Research Team Eitting Germany

Velké Hamry 393 562 01 Ústí nad Orlicí Czech Republic Unaffiliated Ústí nad Orlicí Czech Republic

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