As the demand for clean water continues to rise, the development of reliable and environmentally sustainable purification methods has become increasingly important. In this study, we describe the production and characterization of electrospun polyimide (PID) nanofibers modified with MXene (Ti3C2Tx), tungsten trioxide (WO3), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials for improved photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine 6G (R6G), a model organic dye. Superior photocatalytic performance was achieved by suppressing electron-hole recombination, promoting efficient charge carrier separation, and the significant increase in light absorption through the addition of metal oxide nanowires and MXene to the PID matrix. Comprehensive characterization confirms a core-shell nanofiber architecture with TiO2, WO3, and MXene effectively integrated and electronically coupled, consistent with the observed photocatalytic response. The PID/TiO2/WO3/MXene composite exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity among the tested configurations, degrading R6G by 74% in 90 min of light exposure. This enhancement was ascribed to the synergistic interactions between MXene and the metal oxides, which reduced recombination losses and promoted effective charge transfer. The study confirms the suitability of PID-based hybrid nanofibers for wastewater treatment applications. It also points toward future directions focused on scalable production and deployment in the field of environmental remediation.

Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials Faculty of Textile Engineering Technical University of Liberec 461 17 Liberec Czech Republic

European Institut of Membranes UMR 5635 University of Montpellier ENSCM CNRS 34090 Montpellier France

NanoBioMedical Centre Adam Mickiewicz University 61 712 Poznan Poland

Nanopharma a s 530 09 Pardubice Czech Republic

Sensor Engineering Department Faculty of Science and Engineering Maastricht University P O Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands

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