Attosecond photoelectron interferometry, based on the measurement of photoelectron spectra generated by a two-colour field, provides access to the photoionisation dynamics of quantum systems. In general, due to the entanglement between the wave function of the emitted photoelectron and that of the parent ion, the dynamics driven by the infra-red field in the photoion can affect the properties of the photoemitted electronic wave packet, when the measurement protocol corresponds to the projection of the total time-dependent wave function onto a specific final state of the bipartite system. This is particularly relevant for molecules, due to their rich internal electronic and vibrational energy structure. Here we show how the polarisation of the ion influences the photoionisation dynamics by introducing an additional time delay in the photoelectrons emitted from CO2 molecules. The delay stems from the entanglement between the photoion and the photoelectron created in the photoionisation process.

Department of Physics Lund University PO Box 118 Lund Sweden

Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies University of Freiburg Albertstraße 19 Freiburg Germany

Institute of Physics University of Freiburg Hermann Herder Straße 3 Freiburg Germany

Institute of Theoretical Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University 5 Holešovičkách 2 Prague 8 Czech Republic

Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie CNR via Trasea 7 Padova Italy

Max Born Institute Max Born Str 2A Berlin Germany

Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik Heidelberg Germany

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Einstein, A. Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt. DOI

Krausz, F. & Ivanov, M. Attosecond physics. DOI

Sansone, G., Pfeifer, T., Simeonidis, K. & Kuleff, A. I. Electron correlation in real time. PubMed DOI

Paul, P. M. et al. Observation of a train of attosecond pulses from high harmonic generation. PubMed DOI

Klünder, K. et al. Probing single-photon ionization on the attosecond time scale. PubMed DOI

Kienberger, R. et al. Atomic transient recorder. PubMed DOI

Schultze, M. et al. Delay in photoemission. PubMed DOI

Vos, J. et al. Orientation-dependent stereo Wigner time delay and electron localization in a small molecule. PubMed DOI

Ahmadi, H. et al. Attosecond photoionisation time delays reveal the anisotropy of the molecular potential in the recoil frame. PubMed DOI PMC

Huppert, M., Jordan, I., Baykusheva, D., von Conta, A. & Wörner, H. J. Attosecond delays in molecular photoionization. PubMed DOI

Heck, S. et al. Attosecond interferometry of shape resonances in the recoil frame of CF PubMed DOI PMC

Ertel, D. et al. Influence of nuclear dynamics on molecular attosecond photoelectron interferometry. PubMed DOI PMC

Kotur, M. et al. Spectral phase measurement of a Fano resonance using tunable attosecond pulses. PubMed DOI PMC

Busto, D. et al. Time–frequency representation of autoionization dynamics in helium. DOI

Kamalov, A., Wang, A. L., Bucksbaum, P. H., Haxton, D. J. & Cryan, J. P. Electron correlation effects in attosecond photoionization of CO

Nandi, S. et al. Attosecond timing of electron emission from a molecular shape resonance. PubMed DOI PMC

Isinger, M. et al. Photoionization in the time and frequency domain. PubMed DOI

Gruson, V. et al. Attosecond dynamics through a Fano resonance: monitoring the birth of a photoelectron. PubMed DOI

Alexandridi, C. et al. Attosecond photoionization dynamics in the vicinity of the Cooper minima in argon. DOI

Wigner, E. P. Lower limit for the energy derivative of the scattering phase shift. DOI

Kheifets, A. S. Wigner time delay in atomic photoionization. DOI

Dahlström, J. M., L’Huillier, A. & Maquet, A. Introduction to attosecond delays in photoionization. DOI

Pazourek, R., Nagele, S. & Burgdörfer, J. Attosecond chronoscopy of photoemission. DOI

Benda, J. et al. Angular momentum dependence in multiphoton ionization and attosecond time delays. DOI

Baggesen, J. C. & Madsen, L. B. Polarization effects in attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy. PubMed DOI

Benda, J. & Mašín, Z. Dipole-laser coupling delay in two-color RABBITT photoionization of polar molecules. DOI

Delgado, J., González-Collado, C. M., Decleva, P., Palacios, A. & Martín, F. Three-path interferences in the reconstruction of attosecond beatings by interference of two-photon transitions in molecules. DOI

Neidel, C. et al. Probing time-dependent molecular dipoles on the attosecond time scale. PubMed DOI

Tichy, M. C., Mintert, F. & Buchleitner, A. Essential entanglement for atomic and molecular physics. DOI

Vrakking, M. J. J. Control of attosecond entanglement and coherence. PubMed DOI

Koll, L. -M., Maikowski, L., Drescher, L., Witting, T. & Vrakking, M. J. J. Experimental control of quantum-mechanical entanglement in an attosecond pump-probe experiment. PubMed DOI

Laurell, H. et al. Continuous-variable quantum state tomography of photoelectrons. DOI

Bourassin-Bouchet, C. et al. Quantifying decoherence in attosecond metrology.

Laurell, H. et al. Measuring the quantum state of photoelectrons. DOI

Maxwell, A. S., Madsen, L. B. & Lewenstein, M. Entanglement of orbital angular momentum in non-sequential double ionization. PubMed DOI PMC

Ruberti, M., Averbukh, V. & Mintert, F. Bell test of quantum entanglement in attosecond photoionization.

Eckart, S. et al. Ultrafast preparation and detection of entangled atoms. PubMed DOI PMC

Nandi, S. et al. Generation of entanglement using a short-wavelength seeded free-electron laser. PubMed DOI PMC

Stenquist, A. & Dahlström, J. M. Harnessing time symmetry to fundamentally alter entanglement in photoionization. DOI

Ishikawa, K. L., Prince, K. C. & Ueda, K. Control of ion-photoelectron entanglement and coherence via rabi oscillations. PubMed DOI

Shobeiry, F. et al. Emission control of entangled electrons in photoionisation of a hydrogen molecule. PubMed DOI PMC

Benda, J., Mašín, Z. & Gorfinkiel, J. D. Analysis of RABITT time delays using the stationary multiphoton molecular R-matrix approach. DOI

Ruberti, M., Decleva, P. & Averbukh, V. Multi-channel dynamics in high harmonic generation of aligned CO PubMed DOI

Ruberti, M., Decleva, P. & Averbukh, V. Full Ab initio many-electron simulation of attosecond molecular pump–probe spectroscopy. PubMed DOI

Moshammer, R., Unverzagt, M., Schmitt, W., Ullrich, J. & Schmidt-Böcking, H. A 4 DOI

Dörner, R. et al. Cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy: a ‘momentum microscope’ to view atomic collision dynamics. DOI

Ullrich, J. et al. Recoil-ion and electron momentum spectroscopy: reaction-microscopes. DOI

Ahmadi, H. et al. Collinear setup for delay control in two-color attosecond measurements.

Ertel, D. et al. Ultrastable, high-repetition-rate attosecond beamline for time-resolved XUV-IR coincidence spectroscopy. PubMed DOI

Varjú, K. et al. Frequency chirp of harmonic and attosecond pulses. DOI

Pranjal, P., González-Vázquez, J., Bello, R. Y. & Martín, F. Resonant photoionization of CO PubMed DOI PMC

Benda, J. & Mašín, Z. Multi-photon above threshold ionization of multi-electron atoms and molecules using the R-matrix approach. PubMed DOI PMC

Mašín, Z. et al. Electron correlations and pre-collision in the re-collision picture of high harmonic generation. DOI

Harvey, A. G., Brambila, D. S., Morales, F. & Smirnova, O. An R-matrix approach to electron–photon–molecule collisions: Photoelectron angular distributions from aligned molecules. DOI

Meltzer, T. & Mašín, Z. A polarization-consistent R-matrix model: Application to the photoionization of molecules. DOI

Eland, J. Predissociation of triatomic ions studied by photo-electron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy and photoion kinetic energy analysis: I. [Image: see text]. DOI

Eland, J. H. D. & Berkowitz, J. Formation and predissociation of [Image: see text] ([Image: see text]). DOI

You, D. et al. A detailed investigation of single-photon laser-enabled Auger decay in neon. DOI

Callegari, C. et al. Atomic, molecular and optical physics applications of longitudinally coherent and narrow bandwidth Free-Electron Lasers. DOI

Mašín, Z., Benda, J., Gorfinkiel, J. D., Harvey, A. G. & Tennyson, J. UKRmol+: a suite for modelling electronic processes in molecules interacting with electrons, positrons and photons using the R-matrix method. DOI

Makos, I. et al. Data for the manuscript: Entanglement in photoionisation reveals the effect of ionic coupling in attosecond time delays. Zenodo: 10.5281/zenodo.16913144 (2025). PubMed

Furch, F. J. et al. Photoelectron imaging of XUV photoionization of CO PubMed DOI

Wang, L. -S., Reutt, J., Lee, Y. & Shirley, D. High resolution UV photoelectron spectroscopy of [Image: see text] , [Image: see text] and [Image: see text] using supersonic molecular beams. DOI

Entanglement in photoionisation reveals the effect of ionic coupling in attosecond time delays