Adults with chronic subjective tinnitus often struggle with speech recognition in challenging listening environments. While most research demonstrates deficits in speech recognition among individuals with tinnitus, studies focusing on older adults remain scarce. Besides speech recognition deficits, tinnitus has been linked to diminished cognitive performance, particularly in executive functions, yet its associations with specific cognitive domains in ageing populations are not fully understood. Our previous study of younger adults found that individuals with tinnitus exhibit deficits in speech recognition and interference control. Building on this, we hypothesized that these deficits are also present for older adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study of older adults (aged 60-79), 32 with tinnitus and 31 controls matched for age, gender, education, and approximately matched for hearing loss. Participants underwent audiometric, speech recognition, and cognitive tasks. The tinnitus participants performed more poorly in speech-in-noise and gated speech tasks, whereas no group differences were observed in the other suprathreshold auditory tasks. With regard to cognition, individuals with tinnitus showed reduced interference control, emotional interference, cognitive flexibility, and verbal working memory, correlating with tinnitus distress and loudness. It is concluded that tinnitus-related deficits persist and even worsen with age. Our results suggest that altered central mechanisms contribute to speech recognition difficulties in older adults with tinnitus.

Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Department of Auditory Neuroscience Institute of Experimental Medicine Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Department of Otorhinolaryngology 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital of Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany

Department of Technical Studies College of Polytechnics Jihlava Czech Republic

Evolutionary Neuroscience of Language Institute for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Neuroscience Center Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

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