Commercially pure (CP) titanium is widely used for long-term biomedical implants due to its high biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. However, its relatively low strength limits its use in highly loaded applications. Ultrafine-grained (UFG) titanium obtained through severe plastic deformation offers enhanced mechanical performance while maintaining the stability of CP titanium. This study investigates how electrochemical surface modification by anodization affects the corrosion, biological performance, and technological behavior of UFG titanium. TiO2 layers with nanotubular and nanoporous morphologies were produced at anodization voltages between 20 and 60 V. Corrosion tests in physiological solution confirmed stable passive behavior with corrosion rates below 4 µm year-1, and surface wettability increased markedly with anodization. Osteoblast-like MG-63 cells exhibited good viability on all anodized surfaces, with improved adhesion and proliferation on samples anodized at 60 V. The porous TiO2 layers were successfully intercalated with dimethyl sulfoxide and ibuprofen, demonstrating potential for local drug delivery. Implantation simulations on real Nanoimplant® prototypes confirmed sufficient mechanical stability of the anodized layer. Overall, the optimized anodization of UFG titanium enhances its biological response while maintaining corrosion resistance, supporting its clinical use in long-term dental and orthopedic implants with integrated drug-release functionality.

Centre for Advanced Innovation Technologies VSB Technical University of Ostrava 17 listopadu 2172 15 708 00 Ostrava Poruba Czech Republic

Department of Materials Engineering and Recycling Faculty of Materials and Technology VSB Technical University of Ostrava 17 listopadu 2172 15 708 00 Ostrava Poruba Czech Republic

Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Alej Svobody 76 323 00 Pilsen Czech Republic

Department of Mining Engineering and Safety Faculty of Mining and Geology VSB Technical University of Ostrava 17 listopadu 2172 15 708 00 Ostrava Poruba Czech Republic

Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials Ufa University of Science and Technology Ufa 450076 Russia

Liaoning Academy of Materials 280 Chuangxin Road Hunnan District Shenyang 110167 China

School of Computing Engineering and Technology Robert Gordon University Garthdee Road Aberdeen AB10 7GJ UK

TIMPLANT Ltd Sjednoceni 77 1 Polanka nad Odrou 725 25 Ostrava Poruba Czech Republic

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