This review deals with the main characteristics of modern nanostructures like Au nanoparticles or C nanotubes and the great potential of their application in biosensor manufacture. The principles of biosensing are also mentioned, focusing on the label-free electrochemical detection using self-assembled monolayers on Au surfaces. This review deals mostly with biosensors for use in clinical chemistry and diagnostics as immunosensors. Application of nanoparticles can improve electrode transduction although antigens and antibodies do not form a redox couple.
In this study, CeO2 (cerium oxide) nanoparticles were synthesized using Pinus halepensis pollen and were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the ensuing CeO2 nanostructures, ranging in size from 5 to 25 nm, had high porosity. Synthesized CeO2 showed the effective catalytic activity towards the photocatalytic removal of dyes. In this work, the photocatalytic activity to removal dye (methyl violet 2B), in the absence of UV radiation, using cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NP) was determined. In this research, four main factors such as effect on color, concentration and pH were examined and maximum %R was obtained about was 97% in 75 min in presence of 50 mg of hydrogen peroxide.
- MeSH
- Coloring Agents chemistry isolation & purification MeSH
- Pinus MeSH
- Cerium chemistry MeSH
- Nanostructures chemistry MeSH
- Porosity MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
ECM is composed of different collagenous and non-collagenous proteins. Collagen nanofibers play a dominant role in maintaining the biological and structural integrity of various tissues and organs, including bone, skin, tendon, blood vessels, and cartilage. Artificial collagen nanofibers are increasingly significant in numerous tissue engineering applications and seem to be ideal scaffolds for cell growth and proliferation. The modern tissue engineering task is to develop three-dimensional scaffolds of appropriate biological and biomechanical properties, at the same time mimicking the natural extracellular matrix and promoting tissue regeneration. Furthermore, it should be biodegradable, bioresorbable and non-inflammatory, should provide sufficient nutrient supply and have appropriate viscoelasticity and strength. Attributed to collagen features mentioned above, collagen fibers represent an obvious appropriate material for tissue engineering scaffolds. The aim of this minireview is, besides encapsulation of the basic biochemical and biophysical properties of collagen, to summarize the most promising modern methods and technologies for production of collagen nanofibers and scaffolds for artificial tissue development.
- MeSH
- Cytoskeleton chemistry MeSH
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins chemistry MeSH
- Extracellular Matrix chemistry MeSH
- Collagen chemistry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Stress, Mechanical MeSH
- Nanostructures * MeSH
- Elasticity MeSH
- Materials Testing MeSH
- Tissue Engineering * MeSH
- Tissue Scaffolds * MeSH
- Viscosity MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
The aim of this study was to develop an osteo-inductive resorbable layer allowing the controlled elution of antibiotics to be used as a bone/implant bioactive interface particularly in the case of prosthetic joint infections, or as a preventative procedure with respect to primary joint replacement at a potentially infected site. An evaluation was performed of the vancomycin release kinetics, antimicrobial efficiency and cytocompatibility of collagen/hydroxyapatite layers containing vancomycin prepared employing different hydroxyapatite concentrations. Collagen layers with various levels of porosity and structure were prepared using three different methods: by means of the lyophilisation and electrospinning of dispersions with 0, 5 and 15wt% of hydroxyapatite and 10wt% of vancomycin, and by means of the electrospinning of dispersions with 0, 5 and 15wt% of hydroxyapatite followed by impregnation with 10wt% of vancomycin. The maximum concentration of the released active form of vancomycin characterised by means of HPLC was achieved via the vancomycin impregnation of the electrospun layers, whereas the lowest concentration was determined for those layers electrospun directly from a collagen solution containing vancomycin. Agar diffusion testing revealed that the electrospun impregnated layers exhibited the highest level of activity. It was determined that modification using hydroxyapatite exerts no strong effect on vancomycin evolution. All the tested samples exhibited sufficient cytocompatibility with no indication of cytotoxic effects using human osteoblastic cells in direct contact with the layers or in 24-hour infusions thereof. The results herein suggest that nano-structured collagen-hydroxyapatite layers impregnated with vancomycin following cross-linking provide suitable candidates for use as local drug delivery carriers.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents * administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Durapatite * administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Collagen * administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Plasma chemistry MeSH
- Drug Delivery Systems * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
- Nanostructures administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Osteoblasts drug effects MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus drug effects MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis drug effects MeSH
- Vancomycin * administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
elektronický časopis
This review aims to summarize the current status of photoactivatable nanostructured film and polymeric nanofiber surfaces used in biomedical applications with emphasis on their photoantimicrobial activity, oxygen-sensing in biological media, light-triggered release of drugs, and physical or structural transformations. Many light-responsive functions have been considered as novel ways to alter surfaces, i.e., in terms of their reactivities and structures. We describe the design of surfaces, nano/micro-fabrication, the properties affected by light, and the application principles. Additionally, we compare the various approaches reported in the literature.
- MeSH
- Photochemistry * MeSH
- Nanostructures * MeSH
- Surface Properties MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
Two approaches to polymer surface nanostructuring by laser beam are discussed: (i) exposure of surface to a polarized excimer laser beam and (ii) scanning of doped polymer surface by a semiconductor laser. The effect of laser fluence, the angle of incident laser beam and its wavelength on the nanostructure formation is described. Nanostructured polymers are used as substrates for deposition of Au nanolayers and biocompatibility studies. The properties of deposited Au nanolayers are significantly influenced by surface structure and chemical nature of the used substrate. Polymer films doped with porphyrin were irradiated with laser and simultaneously mechanically scanned. By combination of these two techniques a regular periodic pattern was formed. The structural properties depend on scanning rate and laser intensity. Nanostructured polymer surfaces are promising substrates in electronics, optics and tissue engineering.
- Keywords
- laserový svazek, interakce,
- MeSH
- Biocompatible Materials MeSH
- Biopolymers therapeutic use MeSH
- Cell Culture Techniques MeSH
- Lasers utilization MeSH
- Nanostructures MeSH
- Nanotechnology MeSH
- Polymers therapeutic use MeSH
- Surface Properties MeSH
- Tissue Engineering MeSH
- Tissue Scaffolds MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The role of pigments in generating the colour and maculation of birds' eggs is well characterized, whereas the effects of the eggshell's nanostructure on the visual appearance of eggs are little studied. Here, we examined the nanostructural basis of glossiness of tinamou eggs. Tinamou eggs are well known for their glossy appearance, but the underlying mechanism responsible for this optical effect is unclear. Using experimental manipulations in conjunction with angle-resolved spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and chemical analyses, we show that the glossy appearance of tinamou eggshells is produced by an extremely smooth cuticle, composed of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and, potentially, organic compounds such as proteins and pigments. Optical calculations corroborate surface smoothness as the main factor producing gloss. Furthermore, we reveal the presence of weak iridescence on eggs of the great tinamou (Tinamus major), an optical effect never previously documented for bird eggs. These data highlight the need for further exploration into the nanostructural mechanisms for the production of colour and other optical effects of avian eggshells.
- MeSH
- Calcium Phosphates metabolism MeSH
- Nanostructures ultrastructure MeSH
- Ovum * metabolism ultrastructure MeSH
- Pigmentation physiology MeSH
- Birds MeSH
- Calcium Carbonate metabolism MeSH
- Egg Proteins metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
The review intends to overview a wide range of nanostructured natural, synthetic and biological membrane implants for tissue engineering to help in retinal degenerative diseases. Herein, we discuss the transplantation strategies and the new development of material in combination with cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), mature retinal cells, adult stem cells, retinal progenitors, fetal retinal cells, or retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) sheets, etc. to be delivered into the subretinal space. Retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the most common retinal diseases resulting in vision impairment or blindness by permanent loss in photoreceptor cells. Currently, there are no therapies that can repair permanent vision loss, and the available treatments can only delay the advancement of retinal degeneration. The delivery of cell-based nanostructure scaffolds has been presented to enrich cell survival and direct cell differentiation in a range of retinal degenerative models. In this review, we sum up the research findings on different types of nanostructure scaffolds/substrate or material-based implants, with or without cells, used to deliver into the subretinal space for retinal diseases. Though, clinical and pre-clinical trials are still needed for these transplants to be used as a clinical treatment method for retinal degeneration.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
As the consumption of implants increases, so do the requirements for individual types of implants, for example, improved biocompatibility or longevity. Therefore, the nano-modification of the titanium surface is often chosen. The aim was to characterize the modified surface with a focus on medical applications. The titanium surface was modified by the anodic oxidation method to form nanotubes. Subsequently, the material was characterized and analyzed for medical applications-surface morphology, surface wettability, chemical composition, and release of ions into biological fluids. A human gingival fibroblasts (HGFb) cell line was used in the viability study. A homogeneous layer of nanotubes of defined dimensions was formed on the titanium surface, ensuring the material's biocompatibility-the preparation conditions influence the resulting properties of the nanostructured surface. Nanostructured titanium exhibited more suitable characteristics (e.g., wettability, roughness, ion release) for biological applications than compared to pure titanium. It was possible to understand the behavior of the modified layer on the titanium surface and its effect on cell behavior. Another contribution of this work is the combination of material characterization (ion release) with the study of cytocompatibility (direct contact of cells with metals).
- MeSH
- Fibroblasts MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nanostructures * MeSH
- Surface Properties MeSH
- Wettability MeSH
- Titanium * pharmacology chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
