Medical students are exposed to the hospital environment and patients during their studies, increasing the risk of exposure to virulent and antibiotic-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among medical students who have varying levels of exposure to the hospital environment to provide valuable insights into the risk of colonization and transmission. Nasal swabs and fingerprints were obtained and cultured on a selective medium for staphylococci. The obtained isolates were confirmed as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant (MRSA) using PCR. Antibiotic resistance, the presence of virulence genes including enterotoxin encoding genes, and spa typing were performed. Among pre-clinical students, MSSA was detected on the nose in 45.2% and on the fingerprints in 10.6% of the participants. Among clinical students, MSSA was detected on the nose in 42.0% and on the fingerprints in 25.4%. Only one MRSA isolate was obtained. Genes seg and sei were the most frequently detected in both student groups, with their presence in over 40% of isolates among clinical students. The eta and etb genes were mainly detected from the nose in both student groups. In pre-clinical students, S. aureus carrying eta gene occurred in 6.4% and etb in 8.5%. In clinical students, the occurrence was 5.1% for eta and 8.5% for etb. The tst gene was identified only in the nose and fingerprints of the clinical student group. The most frequently observed resistance was to clindamycin and erythromycin. In total 58 different spa types were identified. High rates of asymptomatic MSSA carriage were observed in both groups of medical students. Detected MSSA strains showed a high degree of genetic variability, with a number of them carrying the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Although students do not exhibit increased risk to their patient's, increased hygiene is required in asymptomatic carriage personnel. The overall prevalence of MRSA was low, with a minimal risk of spread.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• faktory virulence * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus genetika   izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   klasifikace   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• přenašečství * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * genetika   izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   klasifikace   MeSH
• studenti lékařství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Public transport represents a potential site for the transmission of resistant pathogens due to the rapid movement of large numbers of people. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial contamination of frequently touched surfaces in the public transport system operating in the proximity of the biggest Czech hospital during the coronavirus pandemic despite extensive cleaning and disinfection efforts. In June and September 2020, samples from the metro trains, ground transport and stationary objects were collected, enriched and cultured. The antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by broth microdilution. Staphylococcus aureus isolates exhibiting inconclusive results of vancomycin susceptibility testing were retested by broth macrodilution and subjected to whole genome sequencing. All S. aureus isolates were tested for vancomycin heteroresistance (hVISA). A total of 513/542 (94.6 %) samples were culture-positive with higher frequency in September (p = 0.004). S. aureus was the most frequent opportunistic bacterial pathogen found (3.7 %, 20/542) followed by Enterobacterales spp. (1.8 %, 10/542). No methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers (ESBL) or carbapenemase-producing bacteria were detected. Resistance to clinically relevant drugs was rare except for resistance to ampicillin (67 %, 8/12), cefuroxime (42 %, 5/12) in Enterobacterales and chloramphenicol (90 %, 18/20), penicillin (45 %, 9/20), and erythromycin (20 %, 4/20) in S. aureus. One S. aureus isolate was shown to be resistant to vancomycin (8 mg/L) by forming large visible cell aggregates. Population analysis profile-area under the curve ratio (PAP-AUC) testing did not confirm the hVISA phenotype, but mutations in the hVISA phenotype-related gene vraR and other genes related to cell wall synthesis (fmtB) and intercellular adhesion (sasC) were found. Our study shows that in the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the intensive use of disinfectants, public transport was a source of opportunistic bacterial pathogens including S. aureus with unusual vancomycin resistance phenotype that could be easily missed by standard susceptibility testing.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• doprava MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• rezistence na vankomycin MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• vankomycin * farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Agrimonia eupatoria L. (AE) has a rich tradition of use in wound healing improvement across various cultures worldwide. In previous studies, we revealed that Agrimonia eupatoria L. water extract (AE) possesses a rich polyphenolic composition, displaying remarkable antioxidant properties. Our investigations also demonstrated that lipophosphonoxin (LPPO) exhibited antibacterial efficacy in vitro while preserving the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Building upon our prior findings, in this study, we intended to examine whether a combination of AE and LPPO could enhance skin wound healing while retaining antibacterial attributes. The antibacterial activity of AE/LPPO against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated, alongside its effects on fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM), and endothelial cells and keratinocyte proliferation/phenotype. We also investigated AE/LPPO's impact on TGF-β1 and VEGF-A signaling in keratinocytes/fibroblasts and endothelial cells, respectively. Additionally, wound healing progression in rats was examined through macroscopic observation and histological analysis. Our results indicate that AE/LPPO promotes myofibroblast-like phenotypic changes and augments ECM deposition. Clinically relevant, the AE/LPPO did not disrupt TGF-β1 and VEGF-A signaling and accelerated wound closure in rats. Notably, while AE and LPPO individually exhibited antibacterial activity, their combination did not lead to synergism, rather decreasing antibacterial activity, warranting further examination. These findings underscore substantial wound healing improvement facilitated by AE/LPPO, requiring further exploration in animal models closer to human physiology.

• MeSH
• Agrimonia * chemie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• fibroblasty účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• hojení ran * účinky léků   MeSH
• keratinocyty účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků   MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta1 metabolismus   MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Úvod: Staphylococcus aures (S. aureus) je grampozitívny fakultatívne anaeróbny kok, ktorý je schopný vyvolať infekčné ochorenie zvierat aj ľudí. Zvlášť nebezpečné sú multirezistentné formy s nižšou, alebo aj žiadnou odpoveďou na dostupnú liečbu. Ciele: Cieľom práce je overiť vplyv enzybiotík v hojení S. aureus infikovaných kožných rán na exprimentálnom modeli prasiat. Metodika: Do pokusu boli zaradené dve prasatá, ktorým boli na chrbtovej oblasti vyrezané rany (10x/1prasa) o veľkosti 5x5 cm s 2 cm odstupmi. Rany boli infikované methicilin (Oxacilin) a amoxicilin resistentným kmeňom S. aureus baktérie (MRSA). Experimentálne skupiny pozostávali z jednotlivých rán, ktoré boli infikované jedným sekvenčným typom baktérie S. aureus v koncentrácii 2x10 9 CFU/ml. Dve rany ostali neliečené (N), štyri rany boli liečené hydrogélom doplneným lyzostatínom (L) a štyri boli liečené hydrogélom doplneným lyzostatínom a endolyzínom (LE). Následne boli na štvrtý, siedmy, jedenásty a štrnásty deň odoberané vzorky z jednotlivých rán. Materiál bol spracovaný štandardnou histologickou technikou formou parafinových bločkov a rezy boli farbené hematoxylínom-eozínom. Výsledky: Z výsledkov vyplýva, že ide o defekty s celým spektrom reparačných zmien s reepitelizáciou so striedaním úsekov nekróz a novovytvoreného granulačného tkaniva s doprevádzajúcim guľatobunečným zápalovým infiltrátom na podklade edematózneho tkaniva a povrchovými chrastami. Na povrchu rán a tiež v menších skupinkách v novovytvorenom granulačnom tkanive sú viditeľné kokovitné útvary charakteru S. aureus. V hydrogélových krytoch, ktoré obsahujú lyzostafín, alebo kombináciu lyzostafínu s endolyzínom sa porovnaním s neliečenými ranami zachytávajú väčšie množstvá kolónie S. aureus kokov, ktoré tu vo veľkej miere následne odumierajú. Záver: Enzybiotiká môžu mať potenciál v topickej terapii MRSA infikovaných kožných rán.

POZOR! při kopírování abstrakt kontrolovat slova na konci řádků originálu!!!

• MeSH
• enzymoterapie * metody   MeSH
• hojení ran * účinky léků   MeSH
• infekční nemoci kůže * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus patogenita   účinky léků   MeSH
• prasata mikrobiologie   zranění   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * patogenita   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Nanoparticles have drawn significant interest in a range of applications, ranging from biomedical to environmental sciences, due to their distinctive physicochemical characteristics. In this study, it was reported that simple biological production of Ag, Se, and bimetallic Ag2Se nanoparticles (NPs) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a promising, low-cost, and environmentally friendly method. For the first time in the scientific literature, Ag2Se nanoparticles have been generated via green bacterial biosynthesis. UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and EDX were used to characterize the produced NPs. Biosynthesized NPs were examined for antibacterial, antibiofilm, and photocatalytic properties, and it was determined that the effects of NPs were dose dependent. The biosynthesized AgNPs, SeNPs, and Ag2Se NPs showed anti-microbial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of E. coli and S. aureus were between 150 and 250 μg/mL. The NPs showed antibiofilm activity against E. coli and S. aureus at sub-MIC levels and reduced biofilm formation by at least 80% at a concentration of 200 μg/mL of each NPs. To photocatalyze the breakdown of Congo red, Ag, Se, and Ag2Se NPs were utilized, and their photocatalytic activity was tested at various concentrations and intervals. A minor decrease of photocatalytic degradation was detected throughout the NPs reuse operation (five cycles). Based on the encouraging findings, the synthesized NPs demonstrated antibacterial, antibiofilm, and photocatalytic properties, suggesting that they might be used in pharmaceutical, medical, environmental, and other applications.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   chemie   chemická syntéza   MeSH
• biofilmy * účinky léků   MeSH
• Escherichia coli * účinky léků   MeSH
• katalýza MeSH
• kovové nanočástice * chemie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa * účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• selen chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• sloučeniny stříbra chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků   MeSH
• stříbro * chemie   farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• technologie zelené chemie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of this study was to develop multifunctional magnetic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) mats with antibacterial properties for bone tissue engineering and osteosarcoma prevention. To provide good dispersion of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs), they were first grafted with PCL using a novel three-step approach. Then, a series of PCL-based mats containing a fixed amount of ION@PCL particles and an increasing content of ascorbic acid (AA) was prepared by electrospinning. AA is known for increasing osteoblast activity and suppressing osteosarcoma cells. Composites were characterized in terms of morphology, mechanical properties, hydrolytic stability, antibacterial performance, and biocompatibility. AA affected both the fiber diameter and the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. All produced mats were nontoxic to rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells; however, a composite with 5 wt.% of AA suppressed the initial proliferation of SAOS-2 osteoblast-like cells. Moreover, AA improved antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli compared to PCL. Overall, these magnetic composites, reported for the very first time, can be used as scaffolds for both tissue regeneration and osteosarcoma prevention.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   MeSH
• kosti a kostní tkáň MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kyselina askorbová * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetické nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nanokompozity chemie   MeSH
• osteoblasty metabolismus   cytologie   MeSH
• osteosarkom patologie   MeSH
• polyestery * chemie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• testování materiálů MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství * MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Staphylococcus aureus infections present a significant threat to the global healthcare system. The increasing resistance to existing antibiotics and their limited efficacy underscores the urgent need to identify new antibacterial agents with low toxicity to effectively combat various S. aureus infections. Hence, in this study, we have screened T-muurolol for possible interactions with several S. aureus-specific bacterial proteins to establish its potential as an alternative antibacterial agent. Based on its binding affinity and interactions with amino acids, T-muurolol was identified as a potential inhibitor of S. aureus lipase, dihydrofolate reductase, penicillin-binding protein 2a, D-Ala:D-Ala ligase, and ribosome protection proteins tetracycline resistance determinant (RPP TetM), which indicates its potentiality against S. aureus and its multi-drug-resistant strains. Also, T-muurolol exhibited good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by showing strong binding interactions with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) oxidase, and cyclooxygenase-2. Consequently, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and recalculating binding free energies elucidated its binding interaction stability with targeted proteins. Furthermore, quantum chemical structure analysis based on density functional theory (DFT) depicted a higher energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (EHOMO-LUMO) with a lower chemical potential index, and moderate electrophilicity suggests its chemical hardness and stability and less polarizability and reactivity. Additionally, pharmacological parameters based on ADMET, Lipinski's rules, and bioactivity score validated it as a promising drug candidate with high activity toward ion channel modulators, nuclear receptor ligands, and enzyme inhibitors. In conclusion, the current findings suggest T-muurolol as a promising alternative antibacterial agent that might be a potential phytochemical-based drug against S. aureus. This study also suggests further clinical research before human application.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• fytonutrienty * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• objevování léků * metody   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Staphylococcus aureus, a notorious pathogen with versatile virulence, poses a significant challenge to current antibiotic treatments due to its ability to develop resistance mechanisms against a variety of clinically relevant antibiotics. In this comprehensive review, we carefully dissect the resistance mechanisms employed by S. aureus against various antibiotics commonly used in clinical settings. The article navigates through intricate molecular pathways, elucidating the mechanisms by which S. aureus evades the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics, such as β-lactams, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, etc. Each antibiotic is scrutinised for its mechanism of action, impact on bacterial physiology, and the corresponding resistance strategies adopted by S. aureus. By synthesising the knowledge surrounding these resistance mechanisms, this review aims to serve as a comprehensive resource that provides a foundation for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies and alternative treatments for S. aureus infections. Understanding the evolving landscape of antibiotic resistance is imperative for devising effective countermeasures in the battle against this formidable pathogen.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce * farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

A series of new unique acetylene derivatives of 8-hydroxy- and 8-methoxyquinoline- 5-sulfonamide 3a-f and 6a-f were prepared by reactions of 8-hydroxy- and 8-methoxyquinoline- 5-sulfonyl chlorides with acetylene derivatives of amine. A series of new hybrid systems containing quinoline and 1,2,3-triazole systems 7a-h were obtained by reactions of acetylene derivatives of quinoline-5-sulfonamide 6a-d with organic azides. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and HR-MS spectrometry. The obtained quinoline derivatives 3a-f and 6a-f and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives 7a-h were tested for their anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Human amelanotic melanoma cells (C-32), human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231), and human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were selected as tested cancer lines, while cytotoxicity was investigated on normal human dermal fibroblasts (HFF-1). All the compounds were also tested against reference strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and representatives of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis. Only the acetylene derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonamide 3a-f were shown to be biologically active, and 8-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)quinoline-5-sulfonamide (3c) showed the highest activity against all three cancer lines and MRSA isolates. Its efficacies were comparable to those of cisplatin/doxorubicin and oxacillin/ciprofloxacin. In the non-cancer HFF-1 line, the compound showed no toxicity up to an IC50 of 100 μM. In additional tests, compound 3c decreased the expression of H3, increased the transcriptional activity of cell cycle regulators (P53 and P21 proteins), and altered the expression of BCL-2 and BAX genes in all cancer lines. The unsubstituted phenolic group at position 8 of the quinoline is the key structural fragment necessary for biological activity.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   chemie   chemická syntéza   MeSH
• chinoliny * chemie   farmakologie   chemická syntéza   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecalis účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• protinádorové látky * farmakologie   chemie   chemická syntéza   MeSH
• racionální návrh léčiv MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   MeSH
• sulfonamidy * farmakologie   chemie   chemická syntéza   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Materials used for orthopedic implants should not only have physical properties close to those of bones, durability and biocompatibility, but should also exhibit a sufficient degree of antibacterial functionality. Due to its excellent properties, titanium is still a widely used material for production of orthopedic implants, but the unmodified material exhibits poor antibacterial activity. In this work, the physicochemical characteristics, such as chemical composition, crystallinity, wettability, roughness, and release of Ti ions of the titanium surface modified with nanotubular layers were analyzed and its antibacterial activity against two biofilm-forming bacterial strains responsible for prosthetic joint infection (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was investigated. Electrochemical anodization (anodic oxidation) was used to prepare two types of nanotubular arrays with nanotubes differing in dimensions (with diameters of 73 and 118 nm and lengths of 572 and 343 nm, respectively). These two surface types showed similar chemistry, crystallinity, and surface energy. The surface with smaller nanotube diameter (TNT-73) but larger values of roughness parameters was more effective against S. aureus. For P. aeruginosa the sample with a larger nanotube diameter (TNT-118) had better antibacterial effect with proven cell lysis. Antibacterial properties of titanium nanotubular surfaces with potential in implantology, which in our previous work demonstrated a positive effect on the behavior of human gingival fibroblasts, were investigated in terms of surface parameters. The interplay between nanotube diameter and roughness appeared critical for the bacterial fate on nanotubular surfaces. The relationship of nanotube diameter, values of roughness parameters, and other surface properties to bacterial behavior is discussed in detail. The study is believed to shed more light on how nanotubular surface parameters and their interplay affect antibacterial activity.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• nanotrubičky * chemie   MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti * MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa * účinky léků   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků   MeSH
• titan * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH