Objective. Breast cancer (BC) diagnosis is considered as a traumatic and life changing moment. Throughout the illness, women often need support from their close family. However, before receiving any support, women must navigate the challenging process of disclosing their diagnosis, which may bring about difficulties and reservations. This qualitative study explores the disclosure process in female patients with breast cancer, focusing on understanding reasons for hesitation, expectations related to parents’ reactions, the act of disclosure, and its outcomes. Methods. In-depth interviews were structured into two parts. The narrative part was followed by a semi-structured interview. The research population was recruited to meet the conditions of a maximum variation sample (different regions of the country, different age categories, education, stage of the disease, and treatment modality). 53 interviews were collected and transcribed verbatim. The age of participants at the time of the interview was 28–76 years, mean age was 48.61 (SD=13.12). Data from which categories were created were managed in NVivo10 software and were open coded. The codes were then grouped into themes for thematic analysis. Results. Three main themes emerged for delaying disclosure to parents: a) protecting parents, b) fear of reactions, and c) fear of changes in the parent-child relationship. Each theme contained specific subthemes contributing to the disclosure hesitation. Conclusion. Women with BC greatly benefit from the support offered by their parents. However, disclosing the diagnosis to them is often challenging. As a result, it is crucial to provide support to women with BC as they prepare to share their diagnosis. Medical staff should also consider including family members in the treatment and care process for patients with BC, recognizing the significance of family support in the overall well-being and coping of patients.
BACKGROUND: A psychosocial problem faced by people with early-stage dementia (PwESD) is the perception of threats to personal dignity. Insights into its dynamics are important for understanding how it changes as dementia advances and to develop suitable interventions. However, longitudinal studies on this change in PwESD are lacking. AIMS: To determine how perceptions of dignity and selected clinical and social factors change over 1 year in home-dwelling PwESD and the predictors associated with changes in perceptions of dignity over 1 year. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted. The sample included 258 home-dwelling Czech PwESD. Data were collected using the Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI-CZ), Mini-Mental State Examination, Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale and items related to social involvement. Questionnaires were completed by the PwESD at baseline and after 1 year. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The study was approved by the ethics committee and informed consent was provided by the participants. RESULTS: People with Early-Stage Dementia rated the threat to dignity as mild and the ratings did not change significantly after 1 year. Cognitive function, self-sufficiency, vision, and hearing worsened, and more PwESD lived with others rather than with a partner after 1 year. Worsened depression was the only predictor of change in perceived personal dignity after 1 year, both overall and in each of the PDI-CZ domains. Predictors of self-sufficiency and pain affected only some PDI-CZ domains. CONCLUSIONS: Perceptions of threat to dignity were mild in PwESD after 1 year, although worsened clinical factors represented a potential threat to dignity. Our findings lead us to hypothesise that perceived threats to personal dignity are not directly influenced by health condition, but rather by the social context.
- MeSH
- Dementia * psychology MeSH
- Personhood * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Longitudinal Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Respect MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Purpose: Following increased interest in physical literacy (PL), development of appropriate tools for assessment has become an important next step for its operationalization. To forward the development of such tools, the objective of this study was to build the foundations of the Évaluation de la Littératie Physique (ELIP), designed to help reduce existing tensions in approaches to PL assessment that may be resulting in a low uptake into applied settings. Methods: We followed two steps: (1) the development of the first version of ELIP by deploying a Delphi method (n = 30); and (2) the modification of items through cognitive interviews with emerging adults (n = 32). Results: The expert consensus highlighted four dimensions of PL to be assessed-physical; affective; cognitive; and social-with new perspectives, including a preference for broad motor tests over fitness. Conclusion: Results offer new insights into the assessment of emerging adults' PL, but ELIP still requires further work concerning validity, reliability, and sensitivity.
PURPOSE: To examine the influence of growth and maturation in the trajectory of stretch-shortening cycle capability. METHOD: Using a mixed-longitudinal design, absolute and relative leg stiffness and reactive strength index (RSI) were measured 3 times over a 3-year period in 44 youth team-sport players. Maturation was determined as maturity offset and included within the Bayesian inference analysis as a covariate alongside chronological age. RESULTS: Irrespective of age and maturation, there was no change in absolute leg stiffness, however relative leg stiffness decreased over time. Maturation and age reduced this decline, but the decline remained significant (Bayesian factor [10] = 5097, model averaged R2 = .61). The RSI increased over time and more so in older more mature youth players (Bayesian factor [10] = 9.29e8, model averaged R2 = .657). CONCLUSION: In youth players who are at/post peak height velocity, relative leg stiffness appears to decline, which could have an impact on both performance and injury risk. However, RSI increases during this period, and these data reinforce that leg stiffness and RSI reflect different components of stretch-shortening cycle capability. Practitioners should consider these differences when planning training to maximize stretch-shortening cycle capability during growth and maturation in athletes on the developmental performance pathway.
- MeSH
- Bayes Theorem MeSH
- Leg physiology MeSH
- Muscle, Skeletal physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Longitudinal Studies MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Youth Sports MeSH
- Athletes * MeSH
- Muscle Contraction * MeSH
- Muscle Strength MeSH
- Team Sports MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Purpose: School physical activity (SPA) is a significant component of daily PA. We investigated differences in PA between boys and girls in two differing education systems-Poland and the Czech Republic-which have four and two physical education lessons (PELs) per week, respectively. Method: This project was conducted from 2012-2016 at 17 Polish and 23 Czech secondary schools (N = 921; mean age = 16.2 ± 0.7 years). ActiTrainer accelerometers were used to monitor participants' PA and heart rate during school days. Weekly PA was measured using pedometers. Subjective levels of weekly PA were self-reported on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form. Results: The Polish education system enabled adolescents to meet the recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous PA more likely than did the Czech system. SPA also represented a higher portion of daily PA in the Polish (vs. Czech system); however, the differences in total daily step count between Polish and Czech adolescents were non-significant. SPA accounted for 30-37% of the daily PA (as measured by step count) of Polish girls (23-30% of Czech girls) and 28-39% of Polish boys (25-37% of Czech boys). Conclusions: Participation in PELs was associated with a higher rate of meeting SPA recommendations in both countries. Compared with the Czech Republic, more PELs in the Polish education system was associated with increased daily vigorous PA and a greater portion of SPA in daily PA. Differences in overall daily and weekly moderate-to-vigorous PA between Polish and Czech adolescents were non-significant.
- MeSH
- Accelerometry instrumentation MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Exercise * physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Wearable Electronic Devices MeSH
- Heart Rate MeSH
- Physical Education and Training * MeSH
- Healthy Lifestyle MeSH
- Self Report MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Poland MeSH
PURPOSE: Activity trackers are useful tools for physical activity promotion in adolescents, but robust validity evaluations have not been done under free-living conditions. This study evaluated the validity of the Garmin Vívofit 1 (G1) and Garmin Vívofit 3 (G3) in different settings and contexts. METHODS: The participants (girls: 52%, age: 15.9 [1.9] y) wore the G1 and G3 on their nondominant wrist and the Yamax pedometer on their right hip for a period of 1 week. Validity was examined in 4 discrete segments (before school, in school, after school, and whole day). The criterion method was the Yamax pedometer. RESULTS: Both the G1 and G3 could be considered equivalent to the Yamax pedometer regarding the before school, in school, and whole day segments. The G1 showed wider limits of agreement than G3. CONCLUSIONS: The G1 and G3 trackers exhibited acceptable validity for 3 of the 4 segments (before school, in school, and whole day measurements). The results were less accurate during the after-school segment. The evidence that the validity of the monitors varied depending on the setting and context is an important consideration for research on adolescent activity patterns.
- MeSH
- Monitoring, Ambulatory instrumentation MeSH
- Walking MeSH
- Exercise * MeSH
- Fitness Trackers statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Schools MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Validation Study MeSH
PURPOSE: Studies have suggested that the use of visual information may underlie the benefit associated with an external focus of attention. Recent studies exploring this connection have primarily relied on motor tasks that involve manipulation of an object (object projection). The present study examined whether vision influences the effect of attentional focus on the performance of body movements through space (body projection). METHOD: Participants (N = 24, Mage = 25.0 ± 3.3 years) performed a maximum vertical jump in a room with a 4-m ceiling under full-vision and no-vision conditions. Additionally, participants performed 3 trials under each of 3 attentional conditions, presented in a counterbalanced order: external focus (ExF; "concentrate on the ceiling and try to touch it"), internal focus (InF; "concentrate on your fingers and try to bring them up as high as possible"), and control (Con; no-focus instruction). RESULTS: Results indicated that regardless of visual condition, a statistically significant difference was observed such that participants in the ExF condition (30.93 ± 8.37 cm) jumped significantly higher than participants in both the InF (30.09 ± 8.66 cm, p = .004, d = 0.68) and Con (30.23 ± 8.73 cm, p = .002, d = 0.57) conditions. Furthermore, jump height was overall significantly higher in the full-vision condition compared with the no-vision condition (p = .004, d = 0.47). Importantly, there was no interaction between ExF and vision. CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrate the benefit of an ExF on a body projection task and further provide evidence of the independence of ExF and visual information.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Plyometric Exercise psychology MeSH
- Movement MeSH
- Attention physiology MeSH
- Athletic Performance physiology psychology MeSH
- Vision, Ocular * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH