Soil from Trhové Dušníky (Příbram, Czech Republic) is characterized by its high polymetallic accumulations in Pb-Ag-Zn due to mining and smelting activities. In previous studies performed in our research group, we have evaluated the potential use of amendments that would reduce the mobility and availability of metals such as Hg. We have observed that the application of digestate and fly ash in metal-polluted soil has an impact in immobilizing these metals. However, until now we have lacked information about the effect of these amendments on soil microbial functionality and communities. The multi-contaminated soil was used to grow wheat in a pot experiment to evaluate the impact of digestate and fly ash application in soil microbial communities. Soil samples were collected after 30 and 60 days of treatment. The digestate application improved chemical attributes such as the content in total organic carbon (TOC), water soluble carbon (WSOC), total soluble carbon (C), total soluble nitrogen (N), and inorganic N forms (NO3(-)) as consequence of high content in C and N which is contained in digestate. Likewise, microbial activity was greatly enhanced by digestate application, as was physiological diversity. Bacterial and fungal communities were increased, and the microbial biomass was highly enhanced. These effects were evident after 30 and 60 days of treatment. In contrast, fly ash did not have a remarkable effect when compared to digestate, but soil microbial biomass was positively affected as a consequence of macro- and micro-nutrient sources applied by the addition of fly ash. This study indicates that digestate can be used successfully in the remediation of metal-contaminated soil.

• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• dusík analýza   MeSH
• hornictví MeSH
• houby fyziologie   MeSH
• kovy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiální společenstva MeSH
• popel uhelný * MeSH
• pšenice růst a vývoj   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• rtuť analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• uhlík analýza   chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been routinely used as additives in a number of consumer products for several decades in order to reduce the risk of fire accidents. Concerns about the massive use of these substances have increased due to their possible toxicity, endocrine disrupting properties and occurrence in almost all the environmental compartments, including humans and wildlife organisms. Several conventional BFRs (e.g. polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE)) have been included in the list of Persistent Organic Pollutants and their use has been restricted because of their established toxicity and environmental persistence. Over the past few years, these compounds have been replaced with "new" BFRs (NBFRs). Despite the fact that NBFRs are different chemical molecules than traditional BFRs, most of physical-chemical properties (e.g. aromatic moiety, halogen substitution, lipophilic character) are common to both groups; therefore, their fate in the environment is potentially similar to the banned BFRs. Therefore, this article has been compiled to summarize the published scientific data regarding the biodegradability of the most widely used NBFRs, a key factor in their potential persistency in the environment, and their ecotoxicological effects on humans and test organisms. The data reviewed here document that the mechanisms through NBFRs exibit their ecotoxicity and the processes leading to their biotransformation in the environment are still poorly understood. Thus emphasis is placed on the need for further research in these areas is therefore emphasized, in order to avoid the massive use of further potentially harmful and recalcitrant substances of anthropogenic origin.

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• bromované uhlovodíky metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• retardanty hoření metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Aim of this work was to investigate the ability of Lentinus (Panus) tigrinus to degrade and detoxify a chlorobenzoate (CBA) mixture composed of mono-, di- and tri-chlorinated isomers. The degradation process was investigated as a function of both the growing medium (i.e. low N Kirk's and malt extract-glucose medium) and cultivation conditions (i.e. stationary and shaken cultures). The majority of CBAs were quantitatively degraded within the early 15 d from spiking with the notable exception of the double ortho-chlorinated compounds, 2,6-di-, 2,3,6-tri- and 2,4,6-tri-CBA. Analysis of the degradation intermediates indicated the occurrence of side chain reduction, hydroxylation and methylation reactions. Although CBAs stimulated laccase production, in vitro experiments with a purified L. tigrinus laccase isoenzyme demonstrated its inability to participate in the initial attack on CBAs even in the presence of redox mediators; similar results were found with a Mn-peroxidase isoenzyme. Conversely, prompt degradation was observed upon 1h incubation of CBAs with a purified microsomal fraction containing cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase. The nature of some reaction products (i.e. hydroxylated derivatives), the dependency of the reaction on NADPH and its susceptibility to either CO or piperonyl butoxide inhibition confirmed the involvement of L. tigrinus cytochrome P-450 in the early steps of CBA degradation.

• MeSH
• Aliivibrio fischeri metabolismus   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• chlor chemie   MeSH
• chlorbenzoáty analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• čištění vody metody   MeSH
• kultivační média metabolismus   MeSH
• kyslík chemie   MeSH
• lakasa metabolismus   MeSH
• Lentinula metabolismus   MeSH
• luminiscence MeSH
• mikrozomy metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxidasy MeSH
• substrátová specifita MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 metabolismus   MeSH
• testy toxicity MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Fungal, ligninolytic enzymes have attracted a great attention for their bioremediation capabilities. A deficient knowledge of regulation of enzyme production, however, hinders the use of ligninolytic fungi in bioremediation applications. In this work, a transcriptional analyses of laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) production by two white rots was combined with determination of pI of the enzymes and the evaluation of 17α-ethinyloestradiol (EE2) degradation to study regulation mechanisms used by fungi during EE2 degradation. In the cultures of Trametes versicolor the addition of EE2 caused an increase in laccase activity with a maximum of 34.2 ± 6.7 U g⁻¹ of dry mycelia that was observed after 2 days of cultivation. It corresponded to a 4.9 times higher transcription levels of a laccase-encoding gene (lacB) that were detected in the cultures at the same time. Simultaneously, pI values of the fungal laccases were altered in response to the EE2 treatment. Like T. versicolor, Irpex lacteus was also able to remove 10 mg l⁻¹ EE2 within 3 days of cultivation. While an increase to I. lacteus MnP activity and MnP gene transcription levels was observed at the later phase of the cultivation. It suggests another metabolic role of MnP but EE2 degradation.

• MeSH
• ethinylestradiol metabolismus   MeSH
• fungální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• lakasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lignin metabolismus   MeSH
• mycelium metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxidasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Polyporales enzymologie   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• průmyslová mikrobiologie metody   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese enzymů * MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u hub MeSH
• Trametes enzymologie   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

After the phase-out of two commercial mixtures of brominated flame retardants, an increasing number of alternative flame retardants have been introduced in commercial applications. None of them, however, has been thoroughly tested for its hormonal activity. We used two yeast reporter-gene assays to determine the potential of eleven compounds to interfere with estrogenic and androgenic pathways. Our data demonstrate the ability of 2,4,6-tribromophenol to lower the transcriptional activity of human estrogen and androgen receptors. A nominal IC(50) value of 14.1 μM for anti-estrogenic and 3.9 μM for anti-androgenic activity was obtained using the luciferase reporter. An IC(50) value of 9.2 μM was calculated for the anti-estrogenic activity measured by the β-galactosidase assay. Of the tested chemicals, this study highlights the endocrine disrupting effects of 2,4,6-tribromophenol whose occurrence in the environment should be monitored.

• MeSH
• androgenní receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• androgeny metabolismus   MeSH
• antagonisté androgenů toxicita   MeSH
• antagonisté estrogenu toxicita   MeSH
• bromované uhlovodíky toxicita   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory toxicita   MeSH
• estrogeny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retardanty hoření toxicita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH