INTRODUCTION: Great variability in shape and size of the bony pelvis can be observed in the current population, but there is not enough data on how long the historical period must elapse to gain changes in pelvic shape and size. The aim of the study was to identify morphological changes in bony pelvis in males and females after a developmentally short period of approximately one thousand years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventeen defined external dimensions of pelvic bone from 120 adult individuals (two craniocaudal, two ventrodorsal, six mediolateral, three acetabular dimensions, and four dimension of the auricular surface) were measured. The medieval sample of 60 pelvic bones (30 male and 30 female) was obtained from the Great Moravian site of Mikulčice-Valy (9th-10th century), while the modern collection of 60 pelvic bones (30 male and 30 female) dates from the late 19th and first half of the 20th centuries. Obtained results were evaluated using the independent t-test at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: A comparison of male and female pelvic dimensions within a single population yielded expected results: the mean male values were greater. In modern population, male pelvis mean values were greater in 15 of defined parameters, while in medieval population, male dimensions were larger in 16 variables. A comparison of modern and medieval female pelvic bones found 11 variables to be greater in medieval sample (one determining the craniocaudal dimension, five the mediolateral, all three the acetabular, and two determining the auricular surface dimensions), but only two were significant (two dimensions determining the mediolateral dimensions). In modern female samples, there were five variables greater (one determining the craniocaudal dimension, one the ventrodorsal, one the mediolateral, and two determining the auricular surface dimensions), but only two were significant as well (one determining the craniocaudal and one the ventrodorsal dimensions). A comparison of male pelvic bones found 13 variables to be greater in medieval pelvis (one determining the craniocaudal dimension, all six the mediolateral, one the ventrodorsal, all three the acetabular, and two determining the auricular surface dimensions), but only four were significant as well (all determining the mediolateral dimensions). In modern male sample, there were only four variables greater (one determining the craniocaudal dimension, one the ventrodorsal, and two determining the auricular surface dimensions), but only one was significant (determining the craniocaudal dimension). CONCLUSION: Unexpectedly, our study did not find the early medieval population to have a smaller pelvis compared to the modern population. While pelvic bones of the former were somewhat lower, but wider, those of the latter population were a bit higher and narrower. The study allows a very careful statement that one millennium is a time period long enough for measurable morphological deviations of the pelvic bones shape and size to occur.
- MeSH
- břicho MeSH
- dolní končetina MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pánev * MeSH
- pánevní kosti * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Although the variability of the upper limb arteries is a clinically important problem, the prevalence is varying across the existing studies and classification is rather complicated, not well established and sometimes even unclear for simple and direct understanding and usage. Multiple case reports appearing in the last years apply incorrect, inappropriate, and sometimes misleading terminology. We performed an anatomical cadaveric study of the variability of the arteries of the upper limb, namely, the axilla, arm, and forearm, in 423 upper limbs embalmed with classical formaldehyde method (Central European population). We proposed to apply the Equality system based on the common trunks for denomination of the axillary artery branches principal variations: Truncus subscapulocircumflexus (22.9%), truncus profundocircumflexus (13.75%), and truncus bicircumflexus (13.95%). Further, we proposed the terminology system developed by Rodríguez-Niedenführ et al. for the free upper limb principal arterial trunk variations based on the origin, location (in the arm only, or in the arm and forearm), and course (related to the forearm flexor muscles) of the involved artery: Arteria brachialis superficialis (9.5%), arteria brachioradialis superficialis (6.4%), arteria brachioulnaris superficialis (1.9%), arteria brachiomediana superficialis (0.5%), and arteria comitans nervi mediani manus (3.3%). Extensive development of the catheterization methods via the arteria radialis et ulnaris as well as surgical procedures using flaps based on perforating branches of these arteries (including arteria brachioradialis superficialis et brachioulnaris superficialis) necessitate thorough data on prevalence of the variant vessels for safe performance of these procedures to prevent any unexpected situations or to react adequately in such.
- MeSH
- arteria axillaris MeSH
- arteria brachialis MeSH
- axila krevní zásobení MeSH
- formaldehyd MeSH
- horní končetina MeSH
- kardiologie klasifikace MeSH
- katetrizace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely anatomické MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- paže krevní zásobení MeSH
- předloktí krevní zásobení MeSH
- terminologie jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
At first sight, the issue of morphological terminology may seem to be a "closed and unchanging chapter", as many of the structures within the human body have been known for decades or even centuries. However, the exact opposite is true. The initial knowledge of the microscopic structure of the human body has been continuously broadening thanks to the development of new specialized staining techniques, discovery of the electron microscope, or later application of histochemical and immunohistochemical methods into routine tissue examination. Contrary to popular belief, histology has a status of constantly developing scientific discipline, with continuous influx of new knowledge, resulting in an unavoidable necessity to revise the histological nomenclature at regular intervals. The team of experts of the Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminology, a working group of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists, published in 2008 the First Edition of Terminologia Histologica. Terminologia Histologica (TH) is the best and most extensive of all the histological nomenclatures ever issued. However, here we suggest that several terms of important histological structures are still missing while several other terms are disputable. First, we present some clinically important terms of cells and tissue structures for inclusion in the next TH and, in a second part, we refer to some new terms in the current edition of the TH which are not yet mentioned in current histology textbooks (e.g., fusocellular connective tissue, bundle bone as the third type of bone tissue, spongy layer of vagina or arteria vaginata from the splenic white pulp). With this article we hope to start a wide scientific discussion which will lead to an inambiguous definition and demonstration of typical examples of all terms in the TH, with the result that the new edition of the Terminologia Histologica will become an internationally accepted communication tool for all practitioners and teachers of histology alike.
- MeSH
- anatomie normy MeSH
- anatomové MeSH
- buňky klasifikace MeSH
- histologie normy trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- příručky lékařské MeSH
- terminologie jako téma * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
This article details our experience with the Terminologia Histologica (TH) and its utility in the teaching of histology, cytology, and clinical medicine (e.g., pathology and hematology). Latin histological nomenclature has been used for 43years, and the latest version of the TH has been in use for 15years (although it was only issued publicly within the past 10years). The following findings and ensuing proposals allow us to discuss key points pertaining to the TH and make important suggestions for potential changes to the TH (such as the exclusion and inclusion of various terms). We classify these changes into six groups: 1.) mistakes in the TH, 2.) discrepancies among various Terminologiae, 3.) discrepancies within the TH, 4.) the repetition of terms, 5.) synonyms in the TH, and 6.) missing terms in the TH. Surprisingly, unlike the anatomical nomenclature, the histological nomenclature has been neglected in the literature. This article addresses this problem by reviewing and summarizing the state of this field, pointing out key discrepancies, offering solutions, and highlighting topics for further discussion.
- MeSH
- anatomie * dějiny MeSH
- dějiny 17. století MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- jazyk (prostředek komunikace) dějiny MeSH
- terminologie jako téma * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 17. století MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
We present a unique unilateral case of a superficial brachiomedian artery that coincides with a variable palmaris longus muscle in a male cadaver. The superficial brachiomedian artery branched at the distal part of the right arm and coursed superficially in the cubital and antebrachial regions. Then it passed through the carpal canal and formed a complete superficial palmar arch by joining the trunk of the ulnar artery. The variable bitendinous palmaris longus was composed of a central belly and two asymmetrical tendons inserting mainly on the ulnar side of the flexor retinaculum. The knowledge of this arterial variant is of high clinical relevance for the catheterization, for the harvesting of the forearm artery as a graft, for the collateral circulation in cases of arterial occlusion, for surgical management of the carpal tunnel syndrome, or in cases of injury of the superficially located variant artery.
This article reviews in detail the superficial brachiomedian artery (arteria brachiomediana superficialis), a very rare variant of the main arterial trunks of the upper limb. It branches either from the axillary artery or the brachial artery, descends superficially in the arm (similar to the course of the superficial brachial artery) and continues across the cubital fossa, runs superficially in the forearm, approaches the median nerve and enters the carpal canal to reach the hand. It usually terminates in the superficial palmar arch. The first drawing was published, in 1830, and the first description was published, in 1844. Altogether, to our knowledge, only 31 cases of a true, superficial brachiomedian artery have been reported (Some cases are incorrectly reported as superficial brachioradiomedian artery or superficial brachioulnomedian artery). Based on a meta-analysis of known, available studies, the incidence is 0.23% in Caucasians and 1.48% in Mongolians. Knowing whether or not this arterial variant is present is important in clinical medicine and relevant for: The catheterization via the radial or ulnar artery; harvesting the vascular pedicle for a forearm flap based on the radial, ulnar or superficial brachiomedian arteries; the possible collateral circulation in cases of the arterial closure; and the surgical management of carpal tunnel syndrome. Its presence can elevate the danger of an injury to the superficially located variant artery or of an accidental injection.
- MeSH
- arteria axillaris abnormality patologie MeSH
- arteria brachialis abnormality patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
