Background: The greater presence of neurodevelopmental antecedants may differentiate schizophrenia from bipolar disorders (BD). Machine learning/pattern recognition allows us to estimate the biological age of the brain from structural magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRI). The discrepancy between brain and chronological age could contribute to early detection and differentiation of BD and schizophrenia. Methods: We estimated brain age in 2 studies focusing on early stages of schizophrenia or BD. In the first study, we recruited 43 participants with first episode of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (FES) and 43 controls. In the second study, we included 96 offspring of bipolar parents (48 unaffected, 48 affected) and 60 controls. We used relevance vector regression trained on an independent sample of 504 controls to estimate the brain age of study participants from structural MRI. We calculated the brain-age gap estimate (BrainAGE) score by subtracting the chronological age from the brain age. Results: Participants with FES had higher BrainAGE scores than controls (F(1, 83) = 8.79, corrected P = .008, Cohen's d = 0.64). Their brain age was on average 2.64 ± 4.15 years greater than their chronological age (matched t(42) = 4.36, P < .001). In contrast, participants at risk or in the early stages of BD showed comparable BrainAGE scores to controls (F(2,149) = 1.04, corrected P = .70, η2 = 0.01) and comparable brain and chronological age. Conclusions: Early stages of schizophrenia, but not early stages of BD, were associated with advanced BrainAGE scores. Participants with FES showed neurostructural alterations, which made their brains appear 2.64 years older than their chronological age. BrainAGE scores could aid in early differential diagnosis between BD and schizophrenia.
- MeSH
- bipolární porucha diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- psychotické poruchy diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- schizofrenie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- strojové učení * MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine differences in the clinical presentation of very-early-onset (VEO) and early-onset (EO) bipolar disorder (BD) not fully explored previously. METHODS: We selected two groups of subjects with BD from the Maritime Bipolar Registry based on age at onset of first major mood episode (VEO with onset prior to age 15 years; EO ranging from 15 to 18 years) and compared them with a reference group (onset after 18 years of age). There were 363 subjects (240 with bipolar I disorder and 123 with bipolar II disorder; mean age 44.2 ± 12.8 (SD) years), with 41 subjects in the VEO and 95 in the EO groups. RESULTS: In comparison with the EO and reference groups, more subjects in the VEO group developed major depression as an index episode (88% for the VEO group versus 61% for the EO group and 54% for the reference group), and had an unremitting clinical course (65% versus 42% and 42%, respectively), rapid cycling (54% versus 34% and 28%, respectively), and comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (17% versus 1% and 3%, respectively); a higher proportion of the VEO group had first-degree relatives with affective disorders compared with the EO and reference groups (0.41 versus 0.32 and 0.29, respectively), and they had lower scores on the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (mean scores of 64 versus 70 and 70). Overall, the EO group was similar to the reference group on most measures, except for increased suicidal behavior VEO 53%, EO 44% and reference group 25%). The results of polychotomous logistic regression also support the view that VEO BD represents a rather specific subtype of BD. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the recognized correlates of early-onset BD may be driven by subjects at the lowest end of the age at onset spectrum.
- MeSH
- bipolární porucha * diagnóza epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- depresivní porucha unipolární diagnóza epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha * diagnóza epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- poruchy nálady diagnóza epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- psychiatrické posuzovací škály MeSH
- psychopatologie MeSH
- rodina psychologie MeSH
- věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kanada MeSH
- MeSH
- autistická porucha diagnóza epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- elektroencefalografie MeSH
- epilepsie diagnóza epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mozek patofyziologie MeSH
- regrese (psychologie) MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- MeSH
- autistická porucha diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- elektroencefalografie přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- epilepsie diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- inteligenční testy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mentální retardace MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky metody MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- autistická porucha MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
